Panorama de estudios actuales del español en América

c a p í t u l o 4 | 131 Panorama de estudios actuales del español en América This work has defended the idea that the group of analyzed Spanish vari- eties corresponding to Otuzco (La Libertad), Cajabamba (Cajamarca), and Pallasca (Ancash) make up a relatively well articulated dialect unit that is distinct fromtheone formedby the southernAndeanSpanishvarieties that have served as the variety of reference, marked by Quechua and Aymara influence. Nevertheless, through review of the material, I have been able to confirm alongside their differences that there are sufficient features in common with southern Andean Spanish to determine that both entities are part of the larger dialect unit of Andean Spanish, a category that must be reformulated in terms of its scope and coverage. From the completed survey emerges a need to expand the concept of Andean Spanish in such a way that it stops being seen as a uniform and homogenous variety from a regional standpoint and rather switches to being conceived as an entity that internally contains at least two dialect entities. I call themsubvarieties: namely, southern and south-central Peruvian Andean Spanish, marked by influence from the Quechua and Aymara adstrate, and northern Andean Spanish, configured through contact with a complex substrate that was formed mainly by the extinct Culle language and secondarily by Quechua, along with a special evolution of Spanish […]. In northern case but not the southern one, the concept of substrate […] turns out to be pertinent since both of the vernacular languages, Quechua and Culle, are extinct in the re- gion studied. In the southern case, as Zimmermann (1995) has noted, use of the category of substrate turns out to be misleading and ideologically questionable (Andrade, 2016, p. 323). No solo por esta ampliación del sentido de andino en los estudios corres- pondientes constituye este el trabajo fundamental de la última década de la disciplina, sino también por la mirada de conjunto, historiográfica, teó- rica y metodológica que ofrece sobre los estudios del castellano andino. Correspondientemente a las dos perspectivas que implica la etiqueta de andino ya señaladas arriba, Andrade (2016) desarrolla con mayor profun- didad, a través de una intensa revisión bibliográfica, la consideración del castellano andino como una variedad regional, por un lado, y una variedad