MULTILATERAL NUCLEAR COOPERATION:
IAEA
AND OTHER SCHEMES
R. Skjoldebran,d
Internati(>;lal Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, Austria
INTRODUCTION
It
is in the direet applieation of nuclear energy to power produc–
tion that poliey developments, in particular recent ones, have had
the greatest importanee. The following expose
will
accordingly
mainly deal with multilateral cooperative efforts in relation
to
nuclear power
althou~h
some undertakings in researeh and develop–
ments wiU be taken up as relevant to past history and possible fu–
ture developments.
It
is neeessary to see the development oI multilateral eooperati–
ve efforts in nuclear power in the perspective oi po.Jitieal and eco–
nomic developments ereated by eonditions under which the various
international nuclear organizations could be established and whieh
dietated their aetivities. Looking back to the time immediately fol–
lowing the Seeond ''''orId War up to the present time, it is possible
to discern three different periods oI markedly different character
in international nuclear power politics.
The first extended from the end of the war to 1953, a period
whieh was marked by secrecy and isolationism, Nuclear weapons
proliferatíon was seen as a main threat whieh had to be guarded
against by blocking the transfer of nuclear technology. The initial
efforts to establish an international non-proliferatíon regime through
internationaI administratíon of aH nuclear power programmes we–
re made during this time in the Lilienthal-Baruch Plan whieh was
the subjeet of a very large number of meetings at the United Na–
tions during the period 1946 to 19J8, when the plan was finally
abandoned.
This first period of secrecyand isolationism came to an end in
1953 with the famous "Awms for Peace" speech by President Eisen–
hower and the 1ifting of secrecy during tIle first United Nations
