Desarrollo energético en América Latina y la economía mundial

DESARROLLO ENERGÉTICO EN AMÉRICA LATINA y LA ECONOMíA MUNDIAL of oil production, they range from economic blackmail -for example. United States' anti-QPEC tariff legislation, and the use of countervai– ling power (the price of machines and capital goods wich oil pro.. ducing nations buy rose twice as fast as the price of crude oil in the last four years) to take over of the oil fields, which is more likely to be offshore than on land, as dolphins are easier to overpower than guerrillas, although the possibilities of wrecking the oi! fieId and surrounding ecology if the takeover is resisted are much larger for offshore sites. Better non-market solutions range from Mexican plans for international negotiation for producer and consumer nations, which would permit developing nations to devote funds to economic and social development, instead of arms to guard their oil, to the stockpile of oil, developed in the United States by Frank Zarbo IMPLlCATIONS OF ASSUMPTIONS FOR DEVELOPING NATIONS' POLICY Among developing nations who have oil, the market structure lcads to interesting questions of sanctions against new oH producers who turn on oil faster than existing developing nations wish, and to questions of how the new oil wealth is to be shared. The Jatter question strains Trinidad-Jamaican relations in the Caribbean, has led Mexico to offer to spend sorne of her oil wealth to aid non-oi! producing neighbors, as has Venezuela, and has increased pressures on OPEC nations to repair sorne of the damage that their price rises have caused to non-oil producing developing nations. Oil is a limited bargaining card while it lasts: at present techno– logy and prites, Latin American producing nations may run out of export surpluses of oH by the turn of the century. We can expect action by the less developed nations to: 1) make oil easier to obtain, for example, as under the World Bank Oil Development Program; 2) obtain greater access to techonology in exchange for energy by direct swaps, as in the case of Mexican swaps of oH for oH develop– ment and nuclear technology; 3) expand application oI the United States-Japanase plan to use Japan's balance oI payments surplus with the United Sstates to finance energy-related research to international agreements. This stra– tegy achieved world wide attention this August at the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology in Vienna, where it was pro– posed that developed nations devote one per cent oI their surplus on 122