Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

l:;vo1,UTE.] l\IOLLUSCA. G. Urn1cu1.us CANDIDUs, pi. XlX, f. 13, !'1.-Firsl Ecl., pi. 38, f. J:l, 1-1. 1Jiaplt111111 canclicla, Brown, Conch. Tcxl Book, p. 98, pi. 14, f. :lO. Shdl ohlong, oviform, snow-white, diaphanous, ami pcllucid; bocly Ycry largc, a1HI much inflatecl; spire Yery small, sunk in a hollow fos;, consisling of lwo volutions, the apicial onc blunted, papill~form, having much thc appearance alHI lustre of a minute pcarl; apcrlure as long as the body, nearly pyriform, contracted above, bul wiclening graclually to an expanded and rounded base; ouler lip thin, and e,·en on the edge; pillar lip slightly rellected on thc columella, with a slighl interna! wa,·e on its centre, and a subumbilicus behind; body faintly wrinkled lon- gitudinally towarcls the outer lip. Length one-lwelfth of au inch; diametcr ncarly the same. Founcl al Dunbar, by General Bingham; and I have sincc mct with it al Holy Islam!, coasl of Northumbcrlancl. 7. Urn1cu1,us PELLUCIDUS, pi. XIX, f. 10, 11.-First Ed., pi. 38, f. 1 o, 11. Shell oblong-ovate, very thin, cliaphanous and pcllucid, ami of a bluish or snow-whilc; bocly Ycry largc; spire consisting of one rouncled volution, rcscmbling a small pearl, surrounded by a fossus, formcd by thc uppcr part of thc body, which is ob- liqucly elc\'atecl cousiclerably abovc it; apcrturc a littlc longcr tlmn thc bocly, conlracted aborc, widcning below, and termi- nating in a wcll roundcd base; oulcr lip thin, and even on the cclgc; pillar lip thickencd, ami slightly reílected on the colu- mella, bul destilute of any umbilical mark. Lenglh a lwelflh of an inch; cliameler aboul a fourleenth. Founcl al Dunbar, by General llingham. This species differs from lhe U. candidus, in being more ob- long, lhe body less inílatcd and more cylindrical, lhc oulcr lip less expanded at the lower portion of the aperture, and thc spire in having onc volution; lhe outer lip also turns a little upwards, and curves a litt.le inwards above before il expands, whereas the lip of the U. candicfos gradually developes from its insertion. 8. UTRICULUS HYALINA. Bull<t hgalina, Turton, Mag. Nal. Hist., VII, p. 353; Bulla Ro:1:ama, Leach. "Shell oval, transparent, smooth; aperture clilatccl at the base; pillar umbilicate; crown llattenecl, channelled, umbonate. "Il something resembles the Bulla umbi'.licata; but is short- cr, all(I of a more oval shape, with the aperture more dilatccl, and is of a crystalline lransparcncy. Al the base of the margin there is a reílection of thc pillar, forming a slight groove or umbilicus; and the central umbo on lhe crown is very distincl and prominent. The lasl two marks scem to fix it in the gcnus Cymba of Lamarck and Sowerby; but we have not remarked the sharp plails on the pillar. "Found abundantly on thc coast about Tynemouth; whence it was scnl us by Mr. Alder. \Ve also discovered il near the Land's Encl, Cornwall." -Tm·ton. GENUS 7-AKERA.-Brown. Shell extremely thin, horny, and elastic; apcx obtusc; suture of the spire canaliculalccl, and lhe volutions for lhe most parl nol protruding beyond the body; aperture extcncling lhe whole length of the body, always contractcd above, all(I expandecl bclow; the outer lip separated from the body volution. l. J\KERA FLEXILIS, pi. XIX, f. 31, 32.-First Ed., pl. 38, f. 31, 32. Akcm jlc:i:ilis, Ilrown, Conch. Text Book, p. 98, pi. 14, f. 2!); lb., Popular Ency., II, p. 378, pi. 17, f. 109; Bulla Akcra, Miiller, Zoo!. Dun., p. il, f. 2 a1HI 5; l\Ioutagu, p. 219; Maton all(l Hackett, p. 125; Brown, Wernerian Mem., II, p. 516; Jb., Ency. Brit., VI, p. 43,1; Fleming, p. 292; Bulla 1·csilins, DonoYan, pi. 79; Bullafrngilis, Lamarck, VI, pt. 2nd, p. 36. Shell oblong-oroid, extreme!y thin, pellucid, horn-colourccl, all(I elastic, somewhal wrinkled longitu<linally; spire small, canaliculatcd, with an ohtuse apex, ami not protru<ling beyond the body; aperture white, as long as the body, acutely con- tracted abovc, very wide, and roundecl below ; outer lip cx- trcmely thin ami clastic, the upper portion lying close to thc body volution, bul detached, and aclhcrent to the lower Yolu- tions of lhc spire; pillar lip white, a little thickenecl, all(l reílect- ed o,·er the columella, which is visible to the cnd. Length onl' inch; diameter somewhal more than half its length. This species is so extrcmcly thin and membranaceous, that it appears an cxtremely delicate shell, which, howe,·er, is nol the case. Somc of them are transparent horn-coloured, both inter- nally all(I cxternally. Found in many places on the coasts of I3ritain all(I Ireland ; and we may particularise Banll~ in Scotland; Lymington, Poolc, Dorsetshire, and near Southampton; all(I I n\cl with il in \'ast numbers, amongsl sea weed near high water mark, at \Varrcn Poinl, ncar Dundalk, Irelnnd. FAMILY III.-Ar-cYLID.IE. Animals lluviatile; lhey breathc air, rcspiring on the surfnce of the water; brcathing apparatus silualc in a bag-shaped eavily on the back of the neck. GENUS 8-ANCYLus~Müllcr. Shell thin, obliquely conical, palcllieform; vcrtex somewhnl pointed, short, turned backwards, and inwards, but not spirnl; apcrturc oral, or oblong, with the margins simple and entire. Scction I.-Animals sinist1·al. l. ANCYLUS PLUVIATILIS, pi. XII, f. l, 4, and 6-First Ed., pl. 36, f. l, 4, ami 6. Ancylusfluviatilis, Müller, V erm., II, p. 194, No. 381 ; Dra- pernaud, p. 48, pi. 2, f. 23, 24; Pfciffcr, p. 107, pi. 4, f. 44, 45; Brard, p. 200, pi. i, f. 3; Turlon, Man., p. 140, pi. l O, f. 125 ; Alder, Mag. Zoo!. and Bot., II, p. l 16; Thompson, Aun. ancl Mag. Nal. Hist., VI, p. 47; Lamarck, VI, pt. 2nd, p. 2i; Patcliafltwiatilis, Monlagu, p. 484; Liuné, p. 1253; Da Costa, p. 48, pi. 3, f. 8; Patella lacustris, Donovan, pi. 147, f. 2; Maton and Ilackett, p. 232; Brown, Ency. Brit., VI, p. 466; lb., W ernerian Mem., II, p. 533; C1·cpcclttla lacust1·is, Fleming, Edin. Ency. Shell subconic, wilh the verlex sharp, slighlly recun·ed, and situatc near one encl, sometimes a little hooked; pellucid, horn- coloured, covercd with a dark grecnish-brown epidermis, sorne- times of a paler hue, beneath which the shell is of a brown horn-colour, and with a fcw concentric wrinklcs; aperturc oval; marginal lip thin ; inside glossy, oí a blnish-whitc. Lengtlt lhree-eighlhs of an inch; breaclth a quarter of an inch.