Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

52 MOLLUSCA. [TRACIIELIPODA p. 36, pJ._39, f. 527; Alder, Mag. Zool. :md Bot., II, P· 108, No. 22; Forbes, Mal. l\fon., p. 10; Thompson, Ann. ancl l\fag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32; Heli:c niticla, Drapernaud, p. 117, pi. 3, f. 23, 24, 25; Brard, P· 3,1, pi. 2, f. 3, 4; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 458; Ifelix nite11s, Maton ancl Hackctt, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 198, pi. 5, f. 7; Brown, Werncrian Mcm., II, p. 525; Hclix lucida, Montagu, Test. Dril., p. 425, pi. 23, f. 4; Turton, Man., p. 56, pi. 4, f. 40; Zonites lucida, Leach, :r.-Ioll., p, 10. Shell thin, smooth, glossy, and pcllucid, of a yellowish-green horn-colour; body very widc, but short; spire small, much deprcssed, and Yery little elevated above the body, consisting of four volutions, not <leeply dividcd, but well definecl by thc sutura) line, terminaling in a blunted apex; base not much roundccl, furnishcd with a moclcrately large ancl very decp um- bilicus, ami of a palcr colour than the superior portion ; aper- ture luniform, <:omprcssed, oblique, its length ancl wi<lth equal ; outcr lip thin, an<l not al ali rcflected. Varying in <liameter from half an inch to threc-r¡uarters. This specics is almost universally diffused throughoul Grcal llritain atl(I Ireland. Its habilat is variable, somctimes bcino- foun<l in ccllars,-hcncc ils namc,-and at other ·times lurkin~ 11nder stones c,n thc si<les of roads, or in meadows ami fielcl:, ami always in damp situalions. T. "\V. Warren, Esq., of Dub- lin, possesscs sorne vcry largc specimens, measurin" seYen lines ¡md a half in diameter, which he found in clrain; within the Cily of Dublin. 33. l·h::ux Al.LIARIA, pi. XVII, f. 48 ami 52.-Pirsl Ed., pi, 40, f. ,18 ami 52. Hclix alliaria, Miller, Ann. Phi!., N.S., VII, p. 3i9; Tur- lon, Man., p. 56, f. 3!); Alclcr, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Bol., II, p.108; Thompson, Ann. ancl Mag. Nat. Hisl., VI, p. 32; llelfa· nitc11s, Shepparcl, Linn. Trans., XVI, p. IGO; Ifcli:t· fwtcda, Stark, Elem. Nal. I-lisl., II, p. 59; llclix alliacea, Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XIII, p. 341 ami 511. · Va1·icly 1. Lm-gm Ilcli:i· glctbm, Studer; Férmsac, Procl., No. 215 • Alder l\fog. Zool. ali(( Bot., II, p. 108; Hossmassler, ViII, ~- 36, pi'. :in, f. 528. Vm·iety 2. G1·ee11i~h-white, anrl vc,'!J tra11sprt1·e11 t. Shell almost smooth, !hin, Yery glossy, fransparent, yellowish ora grecnish horn-colour; body largc, slightly procluced 011 the sides; spire small, consisting of three nearly clcpresscd, but decply cliYided rnlutions; base a little rounded, ancl whitish; aperture sublunate ami suboblique, clasping about lwo-lhirds of the bocly; whole snrfocc covercd with nearly obsolctc, lon,.itu- clinal wrinkles, which are only Yisible by the aicl of a st~ 011 ,. !ens ; 1m~bilicus large ami deep. Diameter a quartcr of a~ 111ch; hc1ghl aboul half ils circumfcrencc. This specics has much the aspee! of JJ. ccllm·ia, but is onl , about a thinl _of the sizc ; it is much more glossy and tran;. parcnt _than e1ther_ thc 11. cella1·ia or nitidula, thc aperturc is lcss obhquc than etthcr, and the umbilicus Jar.,er. When ali re it has a folid smcll, somewhal rcsembling garlic. ' Its habitat is in woods ami shaclecl places, under dccayecl lcaYc,, &c.; ami on wet banks, among mosses and jun"erman- nilC. o This spccies is mel with in ali parts of Britain; ancl is plcn- tiful near Lancaster, the neighbourhood of Durham, and Gis- borne Park, Yorkshirc; ncar Eclinburgh, ami in Fifcshire, Scotland. J cffreys says he fouucl il so far north as Lerwick, in Shetland, ncar lhe sea shore under slones. l\'!r. Thompson says that il occurs in Ireland, from the cxposed sea shorc to thc mountain sicle, and in shaclecl situalions in woods. Thc green variely is the most common in Ireland, as well as in Scolland. 34. I·lEux NITIDULA, pi. XVIII,* f. 1, 2. Hcli:i: niticlula, Drapcrnaucl, p. 117, pi. 8, f. 21, 22; Gray, Mcd. llep., 1821, p, 23!); Shcppard, Linn. Trans., XIV, p. 160; Jeffrcys, Linn. Tr., XIII, p. :H0; Aldcr, Cat., p. 134, f. 49; lb., Mag. Zoo!. ami llot., II, p. 107; Thompson, Ann. and l\fag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 32. Vcwiety l. H eli.i· Helmii, Gilbertson, MSS. ; Al<lcr, Local. Cal., p. 1 07. Shell subpellucid; consisting of four and a half volutions, thc wholc much depressecl, lhose of the spire bul littlc raisccl, an<l dcfincd by a vcry slcnclcr line, the bocly one roun<lecl al the sieles; apex obtuse; base !1 little concave, with a largo and clcep umbilicus, exposing thc lowcr volutions of the spirc internally; apcrlure semilunar; wholc surface with rathcr slrong, longitu- dinal wrinklcs; of a dull yellowish-brown above, the base more glabrous, except close arouncl the umbilicus, where it is opaque and whitish. Diamcter aboul three-tenths of an inch. It cliffers from lt. cella1'Í<t in bcing a little more conrex above, and somcwhat more concave below. Its dull aspect aboYe is also a well marked character. The opaque white be- low is not so miich spread as in the former species. Found un<lcr slones, al the sidcs of hedges, in England, wherc il is ralhcr local, ancl in Irelancl, wherc it is generally diffused, l\'lr. Thompson givcs its habital "among mosses, in glens and sheltered places;" and aclds, "from two localitics in lhis country (frelancl), I have seen Helices of crystalline lrans- parency, and in form intermediate bclween H. nitidula ami JI. allia1·ia." 35. 1-IEux LUCIDA, pi. XVIII," f. 3, 4. llcli.i· lucida, Drapernaud, p. 103, pi. 8, f. 11, 12; Pfciffer, I, p. 35, pi. 2, f. 18; Von Alten, S. 72, pi. 8, f. 15; Thomp- son,_ Ann. ancl Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 33; Alcler, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Bot., II, p. 107; Turton, Man., p, 56, pi. 5, f. 38; llrarcl, p. 3,1, pi. 2, f. 3, ,1; Hcli.i· niticla, Gray, Mecl. llep., 1821, p. 23!). Shell clark chocolalc-colour when the inhabitant is alivc, ami º: a dark horn-colour when extracted, subdepresscd; spire shghtly elevatcd, consisting of four volutions, finely strialcd lon~itudinally ; base a litlle produced, with a largc umbilicus, in wluch the seconcl rnlution is visible; aperture subrolund. Dia- meter aboul a quartcr of an inch. This spccics may be confoundecl with its congcners, bul will be distingui,hcd from H. nitidula, ccllai·ia, ami alliaria, bv its greater convexity, its more regular striai, darker colour, an·d in being devoicl of the opaque whitish aspcct of ib base. This is a rarc ami local species. It has bccn me! with ncar Wolrnrhamplon; Tenby, Wales ; in tite neighbonrltood of Shrew,bnry, a_ncl near Newcasllc-npon-Tync. l\Ir. Thompson remarks that 1t appear, to be rarc in Ireland, as well as in ~ngland. He gives as localitics, in the rcjcctamenla of tite rtrnrs Lagan ami lllackwatl'I', nem· Bclfast; also near l'orlar- lington and Finnoc, north uf Tippcrary.