Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

1:-YOLUTE.] MOLLUSCA. 51 rathcr largc ; base rounded. Diamctcr about thc fifteenth of an inch. is also conunon in many inland situations. Mr. Thompson menlions having fottnd a specimen nine lines in circumfcrcncc at Portarlington, whcrc I likewisc mct with largc and bcautiful spccimcns. Thompson also adds, "As an cxrcption to thc more ordinary places of its occurrence, may be menlionecl the ruins of Dunlucc Castlc, situatcd on the summit of an insu- lated mass of rocks, cousidcrably clevated abovc thc sea." S ub-Gcnus G.- VEi!TICILI,AT.:.,.-Pfrussac. Slwlls sll'iatcd, ancl ·i:cti·iccl in colom·. 2!). lfo1,1x ROTU:'\DATA, pi. XVII, f. 14, 18, 19, 20, ?.nd 2-1.-First Ed., pi. 40, f. 1:1, 18, 19, 20, ancl 24. llcli.l: 1·otmulata, .Miiller, Verm., II, p. 2!), No. 2:n; Dra- pernaud, p. 11,1, pi. 8, f. ,1 ; Ilrarcl, p. 51, pi. 2, f. l O, 11 ; Pfciffcr, 1, p. '1'1, pi. 2, f. 33, 34; Hossmassler, VII, P· 13, pi. 32, f. 454; Flcming, Brit. An., p. 263; Alder, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Bot., II, p. 10!); Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XiII, p. 342; Forbes, i\Ial. Mon., p. 8; Thompson, Ann. ancl Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 30; llcli.i· raclicita, Montagu, T est. Brit., p. 432, pi. 2,1, f. 3; Da Costa, Brit. Conch., p. 57, pi. 4, f. 15, lG ; Brown, Wer- nerian l\íem., II, p. 525 ; Fleming, Eclin. Ency., VII, p. 80; Maton ali(\ Rackeu, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. I!)!); Tnrton, Man., p. 5!) ; Zonites rndiatus, Leach, Moll., p. l 02. Variel!J l. Spire dep1·essccl. lleli:1; Tm·toni, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 260; Heli:i: alúella, Nilsson, p. 30. Vai·icl!J 2, pi. XVII, f. H and 20. Pa!e, necwlg colourless, semitransparent, and destilllte of ?'a!JS· Shell with the spire depressecl, consisting of fil•e rather /1~.t- tened, but well defined \'Olutions; body rounded, with a sub- carinatecl zone round its centre; base convex, with a very large and deep umbilicus, exhibiting :ill the superior volutions inter- nally; aperlure semilunar; outer lip thin, and nol rcllected; whole surface of a light brown· colour, :md diazonally rayed with chestnut; ancl with strong, longitudinally oblic¡ue, regular, close-set striro. Diameter a little more toan a qnar(er O'i an inch. This shell is found all ovcr Grcat Britain and Ireland, on old walls, dry mud banks, and under stoncs in woody siluations. · Mr. 'fhompson mentions having found a specimen at Shane's Castle Park, County of Anlrim, whose hcight and diameter wcre equal, ami procured two of the crystalline variety :it Holywood House, County of Down. 30. I-IEux l'YGMiF.A, pl. XVIII, f. 18, 4!). Heli:i: J)!Jgm(IJa, Drapcrnaucl, p. 114, pl. 8, f. 8, !), 10, No. 51; Férussac, Prod., No. 200; Gray, Med. Rcp., 1821, p. 23!); Turton, l\fan.'' P· 61, f. •16, No. 46; Pfoiffcr, III, p. 21, pi. 4, f. 20, 21 ; Nilsson, So.ce., p. 32; Jell'reys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 3,1:.¡; Rossmassler, VIII, p. 37, pi. 3!), f. 532; Alder, l\fag. Zoo!. ancl llot., II, p. 10!); Thompson, Ann. and Marr. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 31; Heli.i· l(frbii, Shcppard, Linn. Trans~ XVI, p. 162; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XIII, p. 512. Shell subcliaphanous, with the bocly largc; spirc very small, consisting of three rapidly, well defined, diminishing ,·olutions, términating in a subobtuse apex; apcrturc roundish, subluni- form, width and lcngth equal; outcr lip thin, but not rcflectcd; of a horn-colour, with very slight longitudinal striro; umbilicus . A local spccies in Britain, inhabiting shadcd and moist locali- li~s, lurking under stones and fallen )caves, and has becn mct w1th ncar Ciare, in Suffolk; al Devizes, \Viltshirc; and ·ncar Wylam and at Twizil House, Northumbcrland. Wc found it '.n Rosslyn Glcn, County of Mid Lothian, and Thompson says 1t locales al Ballantrae, Ayrshire. i\Ir. Thompson informs us that it is "incligcnous to thc more northern two-thirds of Ire- land, from east lo west." He particularises the Counties of Down, Antrim, Ciare, and Queen's County. It diffcrs from the following spccies, in bcing more deprcssecl ami transparent. 31. Ifaux UMDILICATA, pi. XVII, f. 30, 31.-First Ed., pi. 40, f. 30, 3 l. Heli.i· wnbilicalct, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 43,1, pi. 13, f. 2; Maton and Rackett, Linn, 'fr., VIII, Jl· 20; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 262; lb., Ency. Brit., VII, p. ·80; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 458; Ib., Wcrnerian l\fom., II, p. 525; Tur- ton, Brit. Fau., p. 189; Thompson, Ann. and l\fag. Nat. I-list., VI, p. 3 1; Heli:I; ?'UJJCSfris, Drapcrnaucl, p. 82, pi. 8, f. 7, 8, 9; Férussac, Prod., No. 201, pi. 80, f. 2, 3; Pfciffcr, III, p. 22, pi. 4, f. 22; Turton, l\fan., p. 60, f. 45; Forbes, Mal. !\fon., p. 8; Alcler, l\fag. Zoo!. and llot., II, p. 10!), No. 30; Zonitcs 1·upest1·i.s, Leach, Moll., p. 103. Shcll subpellucid, of a dark burnt umbcr-brown colour; body, largc; spirc of meclium lcngth, consisting of four much inflatcrl volutions, dceply dividecl by thc sutura) line, ancl terminating in a moderatcly proclucecl apcx; wholc shell co1·erccl by very fine, longitudinal stri:c; aperture nearly circular; ouler lip thin, ancl not rcflectcd; base rounded and inllated, with a vcry lnrge ami deep umbilicus, exposing the insicle of thc volutions of thc spire. Diameler at the base one-tenth of an incl1; height nol qui_te so much. This shell has much the aspect of thc preceding, but will be rcadily rccognisccl by its superior sizc, being a third larger tha11 that of the lattcr. It is rather local in Britain. It. frequcnts high rocky situations, lurking in creviccs, of dry and old walls, ancl uncler stones. Montagu says, "it is remarkable that this shell always affccts such lofty places as thc tops of houscs, wilh- out one bcing founcl near the base; and in that situation its inhabitant bravcs equally the scorching beams of the sun in summer, and thc frigid winds of winter, without altempting to descend." Thompson rcmarks that it is generally distributcd throughout the southern three-fourths of lrcland, more parti- cularly ovcr the great limestone belt which traverses the coun- try. I met with it first in lrcland, in the crcvices of a mossy stone, at Clonooney Barracks, King's County. Forhcs givcs its habitat 011 walls, ncar Douglas, l slc of Man. Sub-Genus 7-llYALINJE-Féi-msac. Shcll cliaphanous, glabrous, ltyalinc, and shining. 32. HELtX CELLARtA, pi. XVII, f. 59, 60.-First Ed., pi. 40, f. 59, 60. Hcli.i· cellai·ia, Müllcr, Vcrm., II, p. 28, No. 280; Lamnrck An. San. Vert., VI, pl. 2ncl, p. 91, No. !)6; Pfciffer I p 42 1 1 ' ' • ' p, 2, f. 29, 30; Rossmasslcr, I, p. i0, P!· l, f. 22; lb., VII,