Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

fxvo1.UTE.] MOLLUSCA. 45 S11b-Gc1111s 2.-Ih:r.rcrco.vA.-Férusurc. Sh,·ll 01'bie11lar, cll'pressecl, cqualfy convc.r bolh above mirl below; wnbilicalc; J)l'Odclccl wilh a cco·imi 011 /he centre '!/ /he bocly; apaturc l1·11nst·erse; lips 1111ilcrl alt ro1mcl. 7. lh-:1.1x I,Al'lCIDA, pi. XVII, f.(), 10, ll~First Ed., pi. ◄ o, f. !), 1 o, 1 \. Il,./i.r la¡Jicicla, Linné, Sy~t. Nal., p. 1241 ; Gmclin, Linn. Syst., p. :IGl:l, No. 2; l\liillcr, Y crin., ll, p. 40, No. 2-10; Donornn, !hit. Sh., JI, pi. 2(), f. 2; Pcnnant, Dril. Zool., IV, p. 1 :12, pl. s:1, f. 121 ; Drapcrnaud, p. 111, pl. i, f. 35, 36, 37; Brard, p. 5:3, pi. 2, f. l·l, 15; Flcrning, Eclin. Ency., VII, P· 80; Brown, Ency. llril., 6th Eil., VI, p. ·l5i ; Uossmasslcr, I, p. G3, pi. 1, f. 11; Canicollet lapicicla, Lamarck, An. San. Ver!., VI, pi, 2nd, p.()(); Flcming, Dril. An., p. 258; Alder, l\Iag. Zool. :111cl Bot., IT, p. 109; Turton, Man., p. 6G, pi. 5, f. 51; H clici,,omi lapicicla, F«'.•russac, Prod., p. 150, pi. 66,* f. G; D L' Chiluti-cma lapicicla, Lcach, Mol!., p, 10G; Hcli.i· acula, 1stcr, Ce,nch., pi. 3, f. ,¡ ; Da Costa, p. 55, pi. 4, f. 9, Shell deprcssed, subdiscoiilal, equally co111·ex above ami hclow; bolly large; spire shorl, consisting of live much ílal- tened, slight ly l'entricose rnlutions, terminating in :m obtusc apex; bocly wilh a central, sharp-cdgecl carina, which cmanales from thc margin of the outer lip, and invcsti ng the bocly, continues spirally al the base of t.hc superior l'Olutions, ami <lclines them hy a fine threa<l-like ri<lge; wholc shcll with strong, wrinklcd, longitudinal stri~, its entirc surfacc presenting a shagreen-likc aspecl; base provided with a largc ami <leep umbilicus, exhibiting the spiral convolutions; apcrlurc broad, subovalc, with a sharp margin; outer lip white, reílexcd, and continnous with the pillar lip, which is a lilllc spread on the base of the body, and both lips disunitc<l from the body. This spccies is extremely local, ami appears not to extencl much furlher 11orth than thc centre of England. It has never bccn found in Irclancl, accorcling to the accounl of Mr. Thomp- son. Its fa\•ouritc habitat is limestone rocks and chalky soil. Sub-Gcmcs 3.-A.11Pr,1:xus.-Brow11. S!telt clcp1·csscd, witlt cm 01·bic1dm· apc>·lm·e; ¡>crislomc con- ti1111ous <tnd ?·r.jle.,;ecl; cpiphi·agm mcmbiwwceous. s. HELIX PULCIIEI.I,,\, pi. XIV, f. 7G, 7i. Jleli:1: ¡mlcl1ella, l\:lii ller, Verm. Hist., JT, p. 30, No. 232; Drapernaml, p. 112, pi. 7, f. 33, :-H ; Pfoiffer, T, p. 4-3, pi. 2, f. 32; Brard. p, 5G, pi. 2, f. 9; Alder, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Dot ., II, p. J 09; Thompson, Aun. ancl Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, P· 23; Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 9; Hossmassler, VII, p. 5, pi. 51, f. 440; Turlon, l\Ian., p. (i3, pl, !i, f. 49; Amplc:rns pafoclosus, Brow11, Illust. Conch., 1st E1I., pi. 41, f. 76, 7i ; Heli:i: pulchclla, Drown, Ency. Ilrit., Gth Ecl., VI, p. 459; Hcli.i· palttdosa, Da Costa, Hrit. Conch., p, 5!); Walker, Test. Min. llar., f. 22; l\fontagn, Test. Drit., p, 440; l\foton ami Rackctt, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 1!)3, pi. 5, f. 5; Turlon, Ilrit. Fan., p. 188; Drown, ,vcrnerian Mcm., II, p. 52,1; Fleming, Ediu. Ency., VII, p. 80; Tul'bo palttdosus, Turton, Conch. Dict., p, 228; Zrtmma p11lchclla, Leach, Ivloll., p, 108. Shell smooth, white, subpcllucicl; spirc clcprcssed, consisting of three rounclcd ,·olutions, wcll dclined by the sutura! line, t erminating in an obtu~e apex, ami vcry littlc clerntecl abol'e thc body; body large, clegantly roundecl, with a wiclc ancl dcep umbilicus at its base, exhibiting thc conl'olntions of thc spirc insicle; aperturc circular, with an opaque, white, flattened, re- ílected, thickcncd margin; the lips not quite meeting on thc base of thc body. Diamctcr onc-tenth of an inch. · This eleganl little species is prctly generally cliffosecl through- out Great Britain ancl Ireland. lis fal'ouritc habitat heing under stones, in dry si tuations. It i$ gencrally more numerons in dry situations around thc coast. It is exceedingly numerous at Carolina Park, near Edinburgh; also 011 the sand hills at Portmarnock Habbit Bnrrow, ancl Thompson says he found it on thc short pastures, in somc of thc islets, of Longh Strang- forcl, Ircland. ll is, howevcr, found in inland situations. Many authors considcr this and thc followi11g species mercly as l'aricties; but wc havc invariably noticecl a <liffcrcncc in thc animals. !). HELIX cnEKEl,J.A, pi. XIV, f. 78, 7!).-First Ed., pi. ,11, f. iS, 79. Hcli.t· cl'Cnclla, Montagu, Test. Drit., p. 4,¡ 1; Ample.i·us crc- ncllus, Drown, Illust. ·Conch., 1st Ed., pi. 41, f. 78, 7!); llclü· ¡mlclwlla, vm·., Drapcrnaml, p. 112, pi. 7, f. 30, 31, 32; Jleli.v costata, l\füller, Vcnn., p. 31, No. 233; Pfciffcr, J, p. •11, pi. 2, f. 31; Gmclin, Liun. Syst. Nat., l, p. 3G:3:l, No. 6í; Alten, Ercl-und Flussconehyl., S. G0, pi. G, f. 11; Giirlner, Conchyl. der Wetterau, S. 2G; Hossmasslcr, VII, p. 5, pi. 31, f. '139; Fleming, Dril. An., p. 263; Hcli:1: pulchclla, mr., Altler, l\fog. Zoo!. and Bol., JJ, p, 109; Forbes, l\fal. l\Ion., p, !) ; Turbo hclicinus, Lightfoot, Phi!. Trans., 17iG, pi. :l, f . 1 to 4. Shell milk-white, subopaqne; spire depressed, cousisling of thrcc wcll deline<l, ronnded l'Olutions, ami lerminnting i11 au acule apex, which is but littlc elcvalcd aborn thc body l'oh1- tio11, an<l beautifully rounded ; its base provicled with a largc ami decp mnbilicus, exposing in its cal'ity thc inner sirles of thc volution; of thc spire; aperturc circular; thc ontcr ami pillnr lips conlinuous, ·smooth, whitc, opaque, a1ul rcílcctcd, but a little separatccl 011 thc columella; wholc surfac-e covcretl by numerous, strong, regular, longitudi1ial, concentric ribs. Din- meter one-tenth of an inch. Somc specimcns havc 11 yellowish- brown epidermis. Sorne authors affirm that this species is always founcl in clamp situations, whilc the habitat of !J. pulchcll<t is constantly in <lry localities. Wc ha,·e mct with bolh shclls plentifully in Caro- lina P ark, nenr Etlinburgh, ancl also al Portmamock, Irclancl. Jn thc former locality, howevcr, wc always met with thc t11·0 species in separatc sitnations. This shell is as widcly sprcad as thc H. J>rclrlwlla, both in England ancl Irelancl, and in thc same kind of habitat. Jn thc North of Irclancl, Mr. Thompson says this species is more common on clry sea banks than thc /J. ¡mlclwlta. Forbes has found thc 11. crcncll<i on walls in thc Islc of Man, an<l I havc mel with Í!. in a similar locality, in thc King's Park, at Edin- burgh. I have likewisc obserl'ed both specimens in damp situations, but very rarcly.