Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

44 MOLLUSCA. [TnACIIELIPODA p. 33, f. 23; Alder, Mag, Zoo!. and Bot., II, p. l 07 ; Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 7; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 1-Iist., VI, p· 22 · Jeffreys Linn, Tr., XVI, p. 330; Taclica ncmoml1s, ' ' 76 1 ·r, Leach, Moll., p, 84 ; Coclilea fasciata, Da Costa, p. , p • :.>, f. 1, 2, 3, . . Shell subglobose, thin, subpelluc1d; body vcry large; s¡me small, consisting of three narrow, slightly inílated volutions; aperture transvcrse, semielliptical; inner lip reílected on the base of the columclla, and proceecls in nearly a straight line until it joins thc outer lip, which is thickened on Lhe edge, and reílected; both lips invariably of a clark rccldish-brown; whole surface covered with a yellow, citron-colourecl, flesh-coloure<l, or olive, thin, pellucid, glossy epidermis, which allows the fasciro to shine through. Diameter generally about an inch; height three-quarlers of an inch. This specics is subject to very grcat variety in its colours and markings; sorne are plain citron, yellow, olive, or ílesh-coloure<l, whilc othcrs are furnishccl with from one to five <lark umber, or blackish-brown bancls on thc bocly, variously clisposccl. Fig. 4 reprcsents the young shcll. This spccics is at once <listinguished from H. hortensis and hybi·ida, from thc outer and pillar lips bcing invariably of a <lark brown-colour, whilc !hose of H. /¡o,•tC'llsis are always whitc, ami JJ. hybi·ida of a palc brown, yellowish-brown, or flcsh-colour. I founcl thc beautiful variety f. 8, at W est Coalcs, Edin- burgh. It has a very palc rose-colourecl .:rnter lip, ami a white gircllc rouncl its bocly. It is now in thc cabinet of Lady .Jarclinc, al Jarclinc Hall, Dumfriesshirc. Mr. Thompson says, he mcl with cxlremcly large spccimens of thc Jl. ncmomlis in the south islancls of Arran, Irelancl. The JI. ncmomlis is the most common of our lancl shclls, bcing almos! universally cliffusecl throughout Great Britain an<l Irelancl. It locales in wooc!y situations. 4. Ifaux 110RTENs1s, pi. X VI, f. l 1, 15, 19.-First E<l., pi. 3(), f. 11, 15, 19, Ilcli.i: lw1·tc11sis, Lister, Conch., pi. 3, f. 3; Miiller, Verm., II, p. 52, No. 1 1'17; Gmclin, Syst. Nat., p. 3649, No. 109; Chemnitz, Conch., IX, pi. 133, f. 1199, 1201; llfontagu, Test. Bl'it., p. 412; Drapernauc!, p. 95, pi, 6, f. 6; Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 8 1; .13rarcl, p. 16, pi. 1, f. 3; Pfciffer, I, p. 29, pi. 2, f. 12, 13; Fleming, Eclin. Ency., VII, p. 8 1; lb., Brit. An., p. 2G-1; llossmassler, I, p. 58, pi. 1, f. 6; Turton, l\fan., p. 34, pi. 3, f. 2 ,1 ; Alcler, l\'.fog. Zool. ancl Bot., II, p. 106; ,Jcffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 330; Forbes, Mal, Mon., p. 8; Heli.i· ncmoralis, ·mi·., l\Iaton ami Hackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 206 ; Cocltlca jirsciatn, Da Costa, p. 76, pi. 5, f. 4, 5 ; Tachea hortc11sis, Lcach, Moll., p. 85. Shcll somcwh:it globosc, thin, smooth; boc!y large; spire small, consisting of four, a little inílated, but narrow volutions, tcrminating in a rathcr ohtnse apex; aperture semielliptical; outer lip white; whole surfoce col'erecl with a shining epidermis, of ycllow, citron, or pale olil'e, with bands in some specimens, and clestitute of them in othcrs. This species will at once be di~tinguishecl from the l-/. nemo- i·nlis, by its onter lip bcing invariably white, ancl the shell is always nearly a thircl smaller, ancla little more globular. It is subject to grcat variety in the numbcr ancl clisposition of ils bands, which are either black, or \'ery clark reddish-brown. It inhabits woocls, heclgcs, and shacly places, in almos! ali parls of Britain an<l Irelancl, but is not so common as thc H. nemoralis. 5. 1-IELIX HYDRIDA, pi. XVIII, f. 27, 28. Heli:1: h!Jb,·ida, Peorct; Leach, l'v!SS.; Gray's Turlon's Man., p, 132, pi. 11, f. Hí0; Thompson, Ann. ancl Mag. Nal. Hist., VI, p. 21 and 64; Hcli.i· hortensis, v<w., Férussac, pi, 31; Al<ler, Mag. Zoo!. ami J3ot., II, p. 106. Shcll semiglobose; bocly large; spire small, consisting of four moclerately inílated volut.ions, which lerminatc in an obtuse apex; aperture semiclliptical; outer lip of a pale brownish rose- colour, the inner rib beino- somewhat darker than the lip, which o . is rather acule at the cclge; whole smface of a browrnsh, or citron-yellow, sometimes bancled, but mo~e gencrally plain; the latler almost always with an indistinct, whitish ban<l, runuing spirally on the upper margin of the bocly, ami continued 011 the upper e<lge of the volutions of the spire. This species cliffcrs in the shape of the aperture, which is more transversely ovale than that of the former two species. It inhabits heclges ancl woocly sitnations, in many parts of Britain ancl I reland, but is a very local species. Mr. ll. Ley- lan<l, of Halifax, founcl this shell of a form an<l size resembling Ji. hoi·tcnsis, locating on a small spot 011 the banks of the canal between Keighlcy ancl .13inglcy, Yorkshire. 6. HELIX Annus-ronuM, pl. XVI, f. 20, 21, 22.-First Ecl., pi. 39, f. 20, 21, 22. lleli:1: A1·busto1·um, Linnrous, Syst. Nat., p. 1245; Gmclin, Linn. Syst., p. 3630, No. 53; Miiller, Venn., p. 55, No. 2·18; Lister, Conch., pi. 56, f. 53; Donornn, Brit. Sh., IV, pi. 136; Montagu, Test. Brit., p . 413; D rapernaucl, p. 38, pi. 5, f. 18; Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p , 180; l3rarcl, p. 65, pi. 2, f. 12; Pfciffer, I, p. 24, pi. 2, f. 7, 8; Hossmassler, I, p. 57, pi. 1, f. 4; Fleming, Eclin. Ency., VII, p. 81; lb., Brit. An., p. 264; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ecl., V I, p. 458; lb., W emcrian l\iem., II, p. 525; Turton, 13rit. Fau ., p. 1()0 ; lb., Man., p. 35; Alcler, Mag. Zool. ancl Dot., U, p. J0G; Forbes, Mal. Mon., p. 7; Thompson, Ano. ancl Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 23; Coclile« m1ifusciala, Da Costa, p. 7 5, pi. 17, f. G; Arianta Arb11ston m1, Lcach, Mol!., p. 86. Shell subglobosc, subpellucicl; bocly large, ventricose; spirc rather small, consisting of four inílalecl ,•olutions, clceply clefinecl by the line of thc suture, ancl lerminating in a rather acule apex; aperture sublunate, somewhat longer than wicle ; ontcr lip broacl, "·hite, ancl reílcxecl, with an interna) rib; pillar lip broacl at ils junction with the body, ancl narrowing sudclenly as it clescen<ls; surface of a cinerious colour, ancl in some inslanct's of a pale ycllowish hue; beaulifully mottlccl ancl strcakcd with lines of clark chocolate-brown, with a single lransl'crse baml oí brown, inrnsting the bocly ,·olution, which continues spirally at the base of the rnlutions of the spirc, hut graclually becomc, imperceptible before reaching the apex. Fig. 16 represenls the young shcll. In some specimens the girdle is wanting, and the shcll uf a mnch paler colour, as in fig. 21. Sometimcs thc blotchcs al!(! markings are of a beautiful intense chocolatc-colour. I haH• seen specimens entirely diYcsted of blotchcs or b:nnl. It is a \,o liable lo some variety in the elerntion of the spire. This is rathcr a local species, but is to be met wilh, in Britai11 ancl Irclancl, from one extreme of thc i~lancls lo thc othcr.