Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

INVOLUTE.] i\IOLLUSCA. 43 GEi-us 53.-I·IEux.'-Linn:cus. Shcll orbicular, or snbglobosc, thin ; body ycry largc; spirc shorl, ami small in proportion lo thc botly; apcrturc obliquc; outcr lip rcllcclccl, ami intcrrnptccl by thc bulging of the bocly; columclla conílucnt with thc outcr lip, ami silualc 011 thc lowcr portion of t.hc axis. Somc spccics umbilicalccl, ami othcrs not so; dcslilulc of an opcrcuhnn. Somc spccics, howcrcr, harn thc powcr of forming a calca- rcous lid, fitting lhc apcrlurc, lo thc cxt.crnal cclges of which, thc animal finnly ccmcnls it aftcr rcliring lo its hybcrnaculum in wintcr. This lid has becn tcrmccl hy somc authors an cpiphragm. This genus has Leen clividccl into scrnral sub-genera. Sub-Genus l.-IlELICOGE.Y,1.-Férussac. Boclg vol-ution lcl?'ge; a.i-is solid; destit1tte of an mnbilicus; apertm·e lcwge. J. l·lEL1x PoMATIA, pi. XVI, f. 12 and 1'1.-First Ed., pi. 39, f. 12 ami 14. llali.?: Pomritiri, Linnrous, Syst. Nat., p. 124-1; Gmelin, Linn. Syst., p. 3G27; Lister, Conch., pi. 48, f. 46; Pcnnant, Brit. Zoo!., IV, p. 134, pl. 84, f. 128; Cochlea Pomatia, Da Costa, Brit. Sh., p. G7, pi. ,1, f. M; Donovan, Ilrit. Sh., III, pi. 3,1; Müllcr, Verm., II, p. 43, No. 243; Turton's Linné, IV, p. 513; lb., Man., p. 44, pi. 4, f. 3,1 ; lb., Brit. Fau., p. 190; Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 408; Erare!, p. 19, pi. 1, f. 5; Drapcrnaucl, Hist. des 1\1011., p. 87, pi. 5, f. 20, 21, 22; Pfciffcr, I, p. 25, pi. 2, f. 9; I3rown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ecl., VI, p. 458; Ib., Ency. E<linensis, II, p. 554, pi. 55, f. 5; .Ahlcr, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Bot., II, p. 106; Pomatia antiq11orum, Lcach, l\foll., P· 89. Shcll subglobosc, rather slrong; body very lnrgc, ventricosc; spire small, consisting of four somewhnt inílatcd, well dividcd volutions, tcrminating in an obtusc apex; wholc shcll with rathcr strong, longitudinal striro, ancl crosscd by very minute, spiral striro, but not so strong as to produce a reticulated appearance; aperturc ncarly sublunate; pillar lip whitc, or very pale rose-colour, considerably sprcad orer t.he columella; outer lip slightly reílected, and somcwhat thickened on the margin; whole shell covered with a thin yellowish-brown epidermis, with thrce or four broad, trausverscly spiral, rcddish-brown bancls beneath it on thc bocly volution, and gcnerally one narrow band on the superior volutions; inside of aperture pale brownish- purple. Length generally about lwo inchcs; diametcr not quite so much. The favourite habitats of this species are hccigcs, woods, ancl chalky soil. lt does not extend further north in England than the midland countics. Fig. 6 represents the young shell. The JI. Pomatict is the largcst of the l3ritish land shells, and is subject to some varicty, both as regareis colour ami sizc, ancl relative proportion of thc spire to the body. Revcrscd speci- mens have been met with, ancl others with thc convolulions disunitcd and scalariform. This shcll has, by some authors, been supposed not an abo- riginal species, but to have been inlroduced from ltaly about the middle of thc sixtcenth cenlury by a 1\fr. Howard, ami first turncd out nt Albury, in Surrey. They scem to havc increased much, ami spread themsch•cs O\"Cr most of the southern coun- tics. \Ve are, howevcr, of opinion thnt it is a nntive of England. This specics was a favourite food with the ancient Romnns, ancl is calen in mnny parls of Europe at the prcscnt time. 2. l ·IEux ASl'EllSA, pi. XVI, f . 5, 13, and 17.-First Ed., pi. 39, f. 5, 13, ami 17. llali.i· aspai·sa, l\'Iüller, Verm., II, p. 59, No. 253; Gmelin, Linn. Syst., p. 3631, No. 58; Lisler, Conch., pi. ,19, f. 47; Turlon's Linné, IV, p. 515; Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 409; Drapcrnaucl, p. 89, pi. 5, f. 23; Brard, p. 7, pi. 1, f. 1; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 460; Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 81 ; l b., Brit. An., p. 263; Turton, l\:Iau., p. 52, f. 3f,; Leach, l\foll., p. 82; Rossmassler, pt. 5th, p. 5, pi. 22, f. 294, and small t·a1·. 1Jfa::::::1iblii, p. 5, pi. 22, f. 296 ; J e0\-eys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 328; Alder, l\Iag. Zool. and Bol., II, p. 106 ; Thompson, Ann. and l\:Iag. Nat. Hist., p. 20; Forbes, l\:lal. l\fon., p. 7; Hali.i· lwrte11sis, Pcnnant, Brit. Zoo]., IV, p. 136, pi. s,1, f. 129; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 191; Brown, Wcmcriau Mem., II, p. 527; Douovan, Brit. Sh., IV, pi. 131 ; Cochlef, vulgaris, Da Costa, p. 72, pi. 4-, f. 1. Shell subglobose; body largc; spire small, consisling of fom ncarly parallel, ralher tumid, but nan:ow volutions, tenninnting in a somcwhat obtuse apex; aperlure semilunar, a liltle longi- tudinally lengthcned; inner lip white, prett.y broadly reflected on the columella.; ouler lip bluntecl 011 the cclge, and consider- ably rellected; whole surface covcrcd with a rathcr strong, dull, wrinkled epidermis, of a yellowish-brown or olive; with two or threc dark, reddish-brown bands of !urge, i1Íterruptcd, irregular blotchcs on the body volut.ion, and t.wo or three on thc volu- tions of the spire ; betwecn these are paler, irregular mnrkings. Diameter about an inch and a half. 'Whcn thc epidermis is removed, the surfnce of the shell is of ;_ pale whi te, markecl with the fasciro, which appear more distiuct. Fig. 18 reprcscnls the young shell. This specics is subject to considerable variety, both in colour ami markings, as wcll as i11 the length of its spire. Fig. 13 is a small variety, lite body of which is invested with irregular, longitudinal clouds and blotches, without fasciro. It has bcen founcl with the volutions revcrscd, and also with tite convolulions apart from each othcr. Tltis species is univcrsally diffused 01•cr tite wholc of Great Britain ancl lreland, and inhabits woocly situations, but is more especially mct with jn gardens, where it makes considerable havoc among tite plants. 3. l-IELIX l\EM0RAl,IS, pi. XVI, f. ], 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10.- First Ecl., pi. 39, f. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 1O. IIeli.i· ncmoralis, Miiller, Vcrm., II, p. 46, No. 246; Linné, Syst. Nat., p. 3647; Lister, Conch., pi. 57, f. 54; Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 411; Donovan, llrit. Sh., I, pi. 13; Drnpernaud, p. 94, pi. 6, f. 3, 4, 5; Brarcl, p. 12, pi. 1, f. 2 an<l ,¡; Mnton and Rackelt, Linn. 'fr., VIII, p. 206; Lamarck, An . San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 8 1; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 264; lb., Edin. Ency., VII, p. 8 1; Ilrown, Ency. Brit., 1st Ed., VI, p. 460; lb., Wernerian Mem., II, p. 527; Pfciffer, I, p. 27, pi. 2, f. 1 o, 11; Rossmassler, pi. 298, a, b, vm·.; lb., VIII, p. 26, pi. 36, f. 494; lb., pi. JO, f. 137; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 191 ; lb., Man.,