Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

1:-.voLUTE.] MOLLUSCA. 41 This species lircs chicfly in clistricts whcrc thc chalk or Oolitic rocks prcvail, its habital bcing the roots of lrecs, and under sloncs, in dry situations. In thc young condition thc shcll has an carthy covcring, and in this statc is thc Heli.i: vent,·icosct of l\Hiller. GENUS 51-VERTIGo-Müller. Shell subcylindrical, subfusiform, thin and transparcnt; volu- tions narrow, appearing as if squeezed together, gradually dccrcasing in size, and becoming abruptly obtuse at the apex; apertnre conlracted, sinuatcd, somewhat angular, loothcd inter- nally, marginatcd ; outer lip subreflectcd and simple. Secticm 1.-Slu:lls dea:tral, nea,•lg cylincb-ical; apertu1·e e.-1:tel'lwllg nim'{fincd. !. VERTIGO EDENTULA, pi. XVIII, f. 36. Pupa cdcntula, Drapernaucl, p. 59, pi. 3, f. 28, 29; Alder, i\fag. Zoo). ancl Bot., II, p. 112 ; Rossmassler, X, p, 28, pi. 49, f. 646; Tmton, Man., p. 99, pi. 7, f. 80; Thompson, Aun. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI. p. 39; Ve,·tigo nitida, Férussac, Tab. Moll., p. 64; Alr.ea niticli, Jelfreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 358; Alt.ea ,·evoluta, Jelfreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 515 and 558; Tu,·bo cif~enensis, Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XIV, p. 155; Tm·bo edcntula, \Voocl, Cat. Sup., pi. 6, f. 14. Shcll ovately conical, or subcylindrical, somewhat vcntricosc, of a transparent horn-colour ; spire eonsisting of fÓur or fivP. well rounded volulions, which are deeply dividcd by the sutura) line, and termínate in a slightly obluse apcx; the whole covercd with nearly obsolele slrire; aperlure semicircular, dcstilulc of tccth; ouler lip thin on the cdge, without a rib behind; with a very minute umbilicus. Length a tenth of an inch. F ound in many localities in Great Britain and Irelancl. Its favourite resort is marshy situations. Mr. Thompson says, "The typical form of V. edent1da I generally find undcr stones; the elongated ami cj-linclrical variety in woods-in autumn and "·inter this !alter is most rea<lily obtained on the fallen leavcs of trces; in summer on the undcr side of the fronds of forns.'' The elongated varicty has nol unfrcquently scvcn or eight ' volutions, and is often onc and a half line in lcngth. 2. VERTIGO PYGMiEA, pi. XVIII, f. 37. Vtn·tigo pggmma, Pérussac, Tab. Moll., p. 64; Turlon, Man., p. 103, f. 83; Alclcr, Mag. ZooJ. and Bot., II, p. 112; Thomp- son, Ann. ancl Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 40; Ve1·tigo v11lga,·is, Lcach, l\foll., p. 129; P1qJct j)!J{!'llla!a, Drapcrnau<l, p. 60, pi. 3, f. 30, 31 ; Forbes, Mal. l\fon., p. 12; 'Turbo se.i·dentatus, young shcll, Montagu, p. 337; Alce.t vulgaris, Jclfrcys, Linn. Tr., XVI, P· 359; Hcli:1: lsthima, Gray, Mcd. Rcp., 1821, p. 239. Shcll oviform, somcwhat vcntricose, of a glossy, scmipellucid, dark rcclclish-brown colour ; spire composcd of thrcc or four ahnost smooth, rathcr vcntricose volutions, thc apicial onc abrnptly smallcr titan that bclow it; apcrt.ure sublunate, pro- vidccl with fivc tccth, two of which are situatc _on the columella, the uppcr onc largcst, one 011 thc base of thc bocly or superior portion of thc apcrt ure, allCI lwo on the ouler lip, ,vhich, with thc inner lip, is thin ami extcrnally margined, and a littlc rcllcctcd, with a minute subumbilicus bchind thc columcllar lip; outcr lip with a longitudinal rib cxtcrnally. L Found in almosl ali parts of Grcat Britain and Ireland, although not numcrous in any onc locality; its favouritc rcsort is unclcr stoncs in clry situalions, as far as our cxpcricncc has gonc; but Mr. Thompson, an accurate obscrvcr of naturc, says, he has founcl it both in wcl ami dry sitnations, from thc sea shorc lo clcvalccl mountain localitic~. lllr. Forbcs mct with it among grass at Douglas, !sic of Man. 3. VERTIGO CYL!NDRICA, pi. XVIII, f. 3S. Ve1·tigo cglindric(I, Férussac, Tab. l\Ioll., p. 65; Alclcr, llfog. Zoo!. and Bot., II, p. 112; Pupa obtusa, Flcming, Brit. An., p, 269 ; Pupa muscoi·um, vm·. a, Drapcrnaucl, p. 59, pi. 3, f. 36, 37; Pupa minutissinw, 1-Iartmann, Nene Alpina, p. 220, pi. 2, f. 5; Pfciffcr, III, p. 3S, pi. i, f. 12, 13; Rossmasslcr, I , p. 84, pi. 2, f. 3S. Shell cylindrical, pcllucicl, palo ycllowi$h-brown; spire con- sisting of four convcx, acutcly and obliqucly slriatcd rnlutions; aperturc oYatc, slightly margincd cxtcrnally, ami clcstitutc of tceth; oulcr Jip rather thin, with a narrow and small umbilicus situatc bchin<l the columcllar lip. Not. qnitc a lino in lcngth. Found ncar thc Villagc of Balmcnna, Fifcshirc, by my friend Mr. Chalmcrs, surgeon, Kirkcaldy. lts habita! is undcr sloncs. 4. VEnTIGO SEXDENTATA, pi. XIV, f. 8. Ve1·tigo sc.i·dc11tata, Turton, Mnn., p. 103, f. 3,1; Vi:1·tigo 4, 5 dentatct, Stuclcr, Catal.; Vc1·tigo suúst1·iata, Alrlcr, Cat . Sup. Trans. Ncwcasllc Nat. Hist. Soc., p. 34 ; lb., Mng. Zool. and Bot., II, p. 112; Thompson, Aun. ami l\fag. Nat. 1-list., VI, p. 40; Turbo sc:1:de-ntctlus, Montagu, Test.. Brit., p. G!), f. 8; Brown, Ency. Brit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 457; Turton, l3rit. Fau., p. 184; lleli:1: minuta, Müller, Vcrm., II, Jl· 101. Shcll subcylindrical, ventricosc, subconic nbovc, smooth, glossy, of a brownish-ycllow horn-colour; spire consisting of four slightly inflatcd volutions, lcrminating in a rathcr obtuso apex; aperture sublunate, a littlc margincd cxtcrnally; with a thin, rcflcxcd, slightly bent outcr lip, which is usually providcd with four tecth, two on thc uppcr portion of thc apcrturc, thc right onc the larger, and two on thc columcllar Jip. Lcngth onc Jine; cliamctcr half its length. Found in moist situations in Cornwall, Dcvonshirc, Sulfolk, at Prcston, Lancashirc, Ncwcastlc-upon-Tync, nnd at Ballan- trae, Ayrshirc. It is widcly dilfusccl throughout Irclancl, although rarc whcrc it is mct with. • 5. VEnTIGO PAL'1STn1s, p!. XVIII, f. 39. Ve1·tigo JJ«lustris, Lcach, Moll., p. 128, pi. 8, f. lÓ; Turton, Man., p. 104; Aldcr, Mag. Zoo). ancl Bot., II, p. 112; Thomp- son, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 40; Ala1a palust1·is, Jcfli-cys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 360; Pupa a11live1·tigo, Drapcr- naud, p. 60, pi. 3, f. 32, 33. Shell oblong-ovate, subcylin<lrical, of a deep chcstnut, glossy brown-colour ; spirc subconic, composcd of four volutions, slightly inllated, nncl wcll dcfincd by thc sutura! linc ; body fully longcr than thc spirc; apcrlurc sublunatc, with thc margins whitish, somcwhat sinuatcd, an<l proridc<l with eight unequal tccth, thrcc of which are situatcd on thc oulcr lip, thrcc on thc superior portion of the columclla, and two on thc columellar lip; outcr lip with a considerable subsinus near its centre. This spccics has somctimcs a ninth tubercular lootl1. It is somcwhat smallcr than thc V. sc:i:dentatus.