Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

bvo1.UTE.] MOLLUSCA. 39 This spccics is suhjecl to the following very distinct varicties: l. With four plaits, thc middle ones less than the others. 2. With H1·e plaits, the three middle oncs less than the othcrs. :l. With fi,·c plaits, the three lower ones less than thc others. l:011nd first in Ilritain by Mr. Holph, in Charlton \Vood, Kcnt; ancl Mr. Gray has mcl with it al Hastings, Sussex. Its habital is in clamp woocly situations, among moss, and on the trunks of trees. 5. CLAUSILIA DUBIA, pi. _XVIII, f. 32. Clausilia clubia, Drapcrnaucl, 1-Iist. des Moll., p. 142, pi. ,1, f. l O; Ahler, Mag. Zoo!. all(l Bol., II, p. 111 ; Clausilia rugosa, ~m·., Alclcr, l. c., p. 32; Clcmsilici similis, Gilbertson, MSS. Shcll clark umbcr-brown, ventricose; body long; spire small, consisting of from nine to eleven rather inflated volutions • ~overed ,vith pretty slrong, clevated, somewhat granular stri:c: m consequcnce of a fcw spiral ridges on the lowcr ,·olutions; apcrture oblong-ovatc, contractcd above, ancl a little roundc<l belº"'.; lips white, rather narrow; columella with two plaits, the su~er~or one placed near the upper portion of the aperture ami pomtmg <lownwar<ls, thc lower one near thc undcr sicle, inter- nally bifurcate, an<l pointing upwards. Size, about five-ci.,hths of an inch long, ancl onc-eighth in <liameter. 0 It is known from Clcmsilia rugosa by being Íonger, an<l more ventricose. Foun<l in the North uf Englancl, under moss in rocky situa- tions. GENUS 50.-PuPA,-Lamarck. Shell oblong, cylindrical, thick; spire with numerous volu- tions, terminating in an obtuse apex; apcrlure clliptical for the most part, somctimes a little square at the upper cxt.remity, and roundccl anteriorly; peretremc ami inner lip contiirnous, slightly thickened, ali(( reflected; uppcr part of the apcrture frequently providcd with a single tooth within: many of the species furnishcd with longitudinal ribs. Thc young shells of thc genus P.uJJct are trochiform, with a simple cavity at the base. l\fr. Alder first pointe<l out a remarkable structure in the interior of Ptt}Ja umbilicata all(I P. Anglica. This consists of a raise<l threa<l-like laminar process wincling ~pirally round thc columclla, an<l a similar lamina running spirally on the upper sicle of the volutions, with a series of small, flat, nearly transverse, testaceous plaits, situate at intervals, in the interior of the volutions. These are somc- what analagous to the septa in thc genus Segmentina. Thcse plaits are not, however, continued through t.he lower volutions. Their use has not yet becn ascertained. J. PUPA MUSC0RUM, pi. XIV, f. 7. P.upa musconim, Drapcrnaud, Hist. des Moll., p. 59, va,·. a; Pfciffer, I, p. 57, pi. 3, f. 17, 18; P-1pa clelucicla, Rossmassler, VI, p, 15, pi. 23, f. 32G; Bulimus muscormn, Bruguicrc, Ency. Meth., p. 334, No. 63; lleli,'1: muscon,m, l\füller, Verm. I-list., II, p. 105, No. 30<1; Tm·bo muscon,m, Linnreus, Syst. Nat., p. 1240, No. G5 l; Chemnitz, Conch., IX, pi. 3, f. 3; l\lfaton an<l Racket, Linn. 'fr., VIII, p. 182; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 184; Donovan, Urit. Sh., III, pi. 80. Shcll subcylindrical, smooth, glossy; bo<ly somewhat sliortcr than the spire, which consists of four rather broad \'Olutions, gradually tapering to a somcwhat obtusc apex; aperture sub- ovate, destitute of teeth; outer lip white, rather narrow abo\'e, but widcning a littlc below; pillar lip narrow; whole surface of a fulvous brown-colour. Found al the llabbit I3urrow, Portmarnock, Ireland; near \Veymouth, Dorsetshirc; at Corstorphin Hill, near Edinburgh, and in thc park of the Enrl of Rothes, near Lcslic, Fifeshirc, on the bark of trecs ami among moss. This seems the true P. muscormn of Linn:cus; and I cnnnot agree with Rossmassler ancl othcr modcrn authors, in consider- ing the P. 1miclentata ancl biclentata as varieties of this species. 2. PUPA UNIDENTATA, pi. XIV, f. 4.-First Ed., pi. ,11, f . 4. Pupa miidentata, Pfciffer, Lancl un \Vas. Sn., I, p. 58, pi. 3, f. 19, 20; P11pa 11111scor11111, GUrt, Conchyl. clcr \\'ctterau, S. 20 ; Rossmassler, I, p. 83, pi. 2, f. 37 ; T111·bo 11111scor11111, V. Alten, Ercl-und Flussconchyl., un Augsb., S. 23. Shell smooth, brownish horn-coloured, subcylinclrical; con- sisting of seven narrow, slightly inllated volutions, tcrminating in an obtuse apex; apcrture suborbicular, sublunate above, with a single sharp, prominent tooth placed on the base of the body, margins white ami smooth. Length a little more than an cighth of an inch; cliameter a third of its lcngth. Distinguishc<l from P. 11m-rgi11ata by the single tooth being more acule, and placecl farther forward. Foun<l with other species of Pupa al Portmarnock llabbit I3urrow, Irclancl. 3. PuPA DIDENTATA, pi. XIV, f. G~First Ed., pi.41, í. 6. Pupa biclentata, Pfciffer, I, p. 59, pi. 3, f. 21, 22. Shcll ovale, venlricosc; bocly ami spirc of ncarly equal lcngt.h; the lattcr consisting of four consi<lerably inflated volu- tions, the three superior ones rapidly <liminishing, :111cl tcrm:- nating in a rather sharp apex; aperture subovate; outer lip slightly rcílccted, ami white; pillar Jip narrowly reílectecl on the columella, with a narrow subumbilicus behind il; whole surface covcrecl with a chestnut-brown epidermis. Lenglh not two lincs; diametcr cqual to two-thirds its length. Founcl at Portmarnock, Irelancl. This species is much shortcr, in proportion to its brea<lth, than the P. mct1'ginata, and is always <lestitute of the rib be- hind its outcr Jip. Notwithstan<ling the opinion of Rossmasslcr and ot.hcr authors, I always have consi<lercd that the P. mu-scorum, 1midentata, an<l bidentata are distinct species; for besicles the dcntition, the following distinctions will be found in the threc _ nearly allied specics of this genus. In P. muscorum the shcll is subcylindrical, the whole \'olutions a little more obliquc than in the other species, an<l graclually clecreasing, with thc apicial onc ralhcr obtuse; ancl the bocly and first volution longer. P. 1midcntata is nearly cylin<lrical, the volutions are more trans- verse, thc threc ,apicial ones <liminishing more abruptly, with the superior one more pointecl. P. bidentata is altogethcr a shorter shcll in proportion to its brea<lth. 4. PUPA MARGINATA, pi. XVIII, f. 33, 34. Pupa mm'ginata, Drapernaud, ~-Iist. des ?ifoll., p. Gl, pi. 3, f. 36, 37, 38; Pfciffor, Land un Was. Sn., I, p. 59, pi. 3, f. 23, 24; Brard, p. 93, pi. 3, f. 15, 16; Turton, Man., p. 98, f. 79;