Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

38 MOLLUSCA. ['fRACHELll'ODA Shell with from ten to twelve reversecl, smooth, glossy, pel- luci<l volutions, of a reddish horn-colour; body volution very small; spire vcry long; thc volutions thickening towar<ls the middlc, and tapcring from thence to a small, somcwhat obtuse, and rounded point; cach of thc volutions swclling a little in thc centre, and thc wholc wcll defined by the suturo lino; apcrturc suborbicular, compressccl, thickened, ami white at the upper ouler ll)argin, where it unites with the bocly; outer lip whitc, slightly marginate<l an<l reflexe<l, with two laminar plails or folds, one of which is• straight, si luate ncar the superior portíon of the aperture, aml ncarly central, the other somewhat cun-ed, placed in thc micldlc of the pillar lip, and frcquently crenated; deep within the aperture are situatc threc or four prominent ridges, which are discernible when held up betwixt t.he observer an<l the light. General length I hree-quarters of an inch; diameter, one-fourth of its length; thc clausium is emarginate. This species is suhject to sorne variation in colour and dia- meter; sorne specimcns being of a grcenish-yellow, while others aro more ventricose in thc centre; it also differs a little in lcngth. Thc favourito resort of this spccics is a calcareous soil; it is to be met with in woods of bccch trees, all(l has been found nt Bow Wood, · thc scat of the Marquis of Lansclownc, Lack- hnm Wood, Wiltshirc; aml I found it, of a largc sizc, on f.hc hark of n dccayccl trcc at 1-Icxham; all(l at Dovc Dale, Derby- shire, by Willinm Thompson, Esq. It has been founcl at l3elmnont Forcst, near Coothill, County of Cavan, Ireland, by my friencl T. \V. Warren, Esq., of Dublin, and on trccs, in thc dcmesnc of Florcnce Court, County of Fermanagh, by that ahle ronchologist, vVilliam Thompson, Esq., of Cork. This is a very local specie~, ami certainly the most beautifu\ of our native Clausilicc, Scction 1 I,-Sftclls co1·rugatetl; ancl witlt the clausi111n en/irc al the top. 2. C1,AUSll,IA llll'LICAT,1, pi. XIV, f. 13.-First Ecl., pi. ,¡ 1, f. 13. Clausilirt biplicata, Leach, l\loll., p. 120; Alcler, l\fag. Zoo(. ami Ilot., II, P· 110; Fleming, I3rit. An., p. 271; Turton, Man., p. 7 2, f. 55; Cla11silia 11fontag11i, Gray, Ann. Phil., p. 1:3; Clm1silia ve1·1·11cosa, Drapcrnaucl, 1-füt. eles l\foll., p. 71, pi. -1, f. 11; Pfciffer, p. 63, pi. 3, f. 29; Jeffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 3,H; Clausilia similis, Ilossmassler, Icon., p. 177, pi. 2, f. 30; 1'm·bo biplicatus, iHontagu, Test. I3rit., p. 361, pi. 11, f. 5; Ilcli.i: pcncl'Sa, adult, Müllcr, Verm., II, p. 118; Hcli.i· cocholoclina vcnti·icosula, Férussac, pl, 63. Shell opaque grayish-brown; with twc\\'e or thirtecn rcverscd rnlutions; whole surfacc CO\'Crecl with numcrous, longitudinal, strong, regular, slightly oblique strim; \'olutions well delinee\ by thc sutura\ line, whirh is rathcr clecp, arn\ terminating in a somewhat bluntccl apex; aperturc suborbicular, rounclecl bclow, considcrably comprcs,ecl abo,·c, ancl a littlc sinuous at thc upper aml inncr anglo; pro\'iclecl intcrnally wilh two plaits, one situate ncar thc top of the pillar lip, ancl the other about half way down thc base of the rolumella, their points approximatin" to carh othcr as they rccccle inwardly; lips thirk, whitc, anc\ ;on- tinuous and clctachccl ali rouncl. This specics is distinguishcd from C. bide11s by its colour, superior size, anc\ particularly in the shapP. of thc aperture, the margins of which are reflexed aucl procluced, and thc tceth are much closcr togethcr in proportion to thc size of the shcll. First iclcntified as a Dritish spccics by Colonel Montagu, who discovered it at Easton Grey, Wiltshire, and has been founcl in 1-Iyde Park, London. Its chief habitation is in woocls ancl closc-sct hcLlges. 3. CLAUSILIA RUGOSA, pi. XIV, f. 1'1.-First Ed., pi. 41, f. 14. Clausilia ?'ugosa, Drapernaud, Hist. des Moll., p. 73, pi. 4, f. 19, 20; Pfciffcr, p. 63, pi. 3, f. 30; L each, Mo\l., p. 121; Turton, Man., p. 74, f. 58; Alcler, Mag. Zool. all(\ I3ot., 11, p. 111 ; Clausilia pe1·vc1·sa, Flcming, I3rit. An., p. 271 ; Clausilia nig1·icans, Jcffreys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 351; Thompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 42 ; Claiisilia pa1·vula, Leach, MSS.; Turton, Zoo\. Journ., II, p. 556; lb., Man., p. 7,1, f. 58; Jeffrcys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 352; Tu1·bo nig-i·ica-ns, Dill- wyn, Cat., p . 375; Tm·bo pcrversus, Pennant, I3rit. Zool., IV, p. 130, pi. 82, f. 116; ·Tui·bo bidcns, Montagu, Test. I3rit., p. 357, pi. 11, f. 7; Drown, Ency. I3rit., 6th Ed., VI, p. 556; Heli:i: pc1·vei·sa, Müllcr, Verm., p. 118; Brown, vVernerian Mem., 11, p. 523. Va1·iety l. Shcll smallcr, and more slendc1· infonn. Varicty 2. Shcll sho1·ter, wilhftwe1· volutions. Clausilia Everctt-i, Ann. Phil., N. series, XIX, p. 377. Shell somcwhat opaque, blackish or chocolate-brown, frc- qucntly with ash-colourcd or whitish longitudinal streaks, slcnclcr; with about twclve volutions, slightly inflatcd in thc micldle, and covercd with clcvated, granular, longitudinal striro; aperture oval, the inner lip a little conlractecl, the columella provicled ,vith tlircc plaits, the \owcr onc placed interiorly, ancl scarcely discernible in thc adult shcll; lips thick, cletachccl from the body, and pure white. Length generally about half an irich. This is thc most common species of Clausilict; inhabiting rock y or woocly situations; it is subjcct to great varicty in size, ancl e,•en cliameter. Thc Clausilict parvula of Dr. Turton's Land aocl Fresh Water Shells, is only a varicty of this spccies. 4. CLAUSILl,1 llOLPIIII, pi. XVIII, f. 31. Clausilia Rolphii, Leach, ;VISS.; lb., l\follusr. ined., p. 119; Férussac, Journ. Phys., 1820, p. 301; Alder, l\fag. Zool. all(l Bot., II, p. 111; Turton, Man., p. 71, f. 5,1; Clcrnsilict Iphi- genia Rolphii, Gray, Mee\. Ilcp., 1821, p. 182; lb., Ann. Phil. , p, 15; Turton, Man., p. 71, f. 5'l; Clcmsilia plicatula, Drapcr- naud, Hist. des l\fo\l., p . 7•1, pi. 4, f. 17, 18; Rossmassle r, Icon., p. 39, pi. 2, f. 32; Jeffrcys, Linn. Tr., XVI, p. 353; Brarcl, p. 85, pi. 3, f. 1 o. Shcll thin, opaque, \'entricosc in thc middle, of a grayish- brown horn-colour; bocly very short; spirc \'cry long, consist- ing of nine Ór ten rather narrow rnlntions, c:-ach of which are somcwhat inílated in !he ccntrc:-, ami tcrminating in an ohtuse apex; the whole snrface rovercd with closc-sct, elc\'alcd, lon- gituclinal strim; apcrture snbo\'a(c, sinuons at the outcr ami uppcr angles; ontcr ami inncr lips whitc, thick, and cletachccl ali rouncl; proYided with four or li\'e plaits on the colnmcllar, two of which are longer than thc othcrs.