Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

1:-;VOLUTC:.] MOLLUSC1\. spirc co11sisti11g of lil'c slightly inllatcd n,lutions, wcll dcfiuctl by thc linc of thc suture, ami tcrmi11ati11g in a some what ohlt1sc apcx; apcrlurc O\'al; 0lll cr lip rather thick, hut. not margínate, or rc llcctc,I; pillar lip a lit tic replicatcd, but clcs titute of ali umhilict1s. Lcngth a quarter of an inch; diamctcr one-thircl its lcngth. Not n11commo11 in moist sit11atio11s, rcsidit1g priucipally on thc gromul, ut1clcr old trcc;, ali(! 011 thc hanks uf ditches. 4. 13u1.D1us ACUTU5, pi. XIV, f. 18.-first Ed., pl. 41, f. 18. B11lim11s ac11/11s, llruguicrc, Ency. Meth., p. 42; Draper- naud, llist. des i\Ioll., p. 77, pi. ,1, f. 29, 30; Lamarck, Au. San. Vcrt., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 125; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 265; Jeffreys, Li1111. 'fr., XVI, p. 3-!G; Al<ler, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Bot., If, p. 1 OD; Forhes, Mal. 1\1011., p . 10; Thompson, Ann. ancl l\Iag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 36; B11lim11s fasciatus, Turton, Man., p. 8-J, f. 67; ami P· 8G, f. 79, Bulim11s vent?-icosus; lleli:i· ac11ta, l\lüller, Venn., II, p. 110; Dillwyn, Des. Cat., p. 956; Ileli.i· biji1sciat·11s, l\'laton ami Racket, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 210; Turton, Conch. Dict., p. 63; Brown, \Vernerian iWem., II, p. 529; Tw·bojr1sciatus, Pcnnant, Brit. Zoo!., IV, p. 131, pi. 82, f. 1 i9; l\-Iontagu, Test. Brit., p. 3,16, pi. 22, f. 1 ; Da Costa, Brit. Conch., p. 90; Donornn, Brit. Sh., I, pi. 1S, f. 1, 1; Elis- nw fasciata, Leach, i\'.Ioll., p. l 09. Shell .oblong, taper, thin, suhpellucid, of a yellowish or grayish-white, longituclinally streaked, or spirally bantle<l with chestnut or umber-brown ; botly somewhat more than a thinl of thc lcngth of the shell; spire consisting of nine or ten some- what rounclecl volutions, not very <lecply separate<l by tite suture, aml terminating in a rather acule apex; whole shell coarsely wrinklecl longituclinally; aperlure subovate; outer lip thin ; inner lip a little reílectetl on the columella, with a small subumbilicus bchind. Length nearly three-quarters of an inch; diamcter a quartcr. This species is liable to considerable variety in its markings; somctimes it is longitudinally strcakcd, at others having a single ban<l of interrupted spots at the base of the volutions, in some instances it has two bands, which, al the base often become confluent, ancl not unfrequently it is nearly white. It is also liablc to some variations in shapc ali(! siic. Found on many of the sand antl bent pastores of Great Britain ancl Ireland, near the sea shore; ancl altJ1ough local in its habitat, generally very abundant where it is found. GENUS 48.-BALiEA,-Gray. Shell !hin, with the convolutions reversed, co1·cred with a slender brown epidermis; body short; spire long ami tapcr, with many volutions, graclually decrcasing in sizc as thc-y ascencl ; aperture small, subquacl ratc; outcr lip entire, a little thickcned, with a slight folcl on the columella; base entire. J. BAI,iEA Fí!AGILIS, pi. XIV, f. 11.-firs! Ed., pi. 41, f . 11. Balautfragilis, Lcach, Mol!., p. 116; Turton, Man., p. 87, f. 70; Alder, Mag. Zoo!. ancl 13ot., II, p. 111 ; Bcdeafragilis, Gray, Zoo!. Journ., I, p. 61; Forbes, Mal. Mo11., p. 11; Balen pe1·ve1•sa, fleming, Brit. An., p. 271; Bctlcea pc1·vc1·sa, Thomp- son, Ann, all(I Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 41; Odostomia z1crvc1·sa, K .. Flc111i11g, Edi11. Ency., VII, p. i6; Clrwsiliafragilis, Jcffreys, Li11n. 'fr., XVI, p. 351; P.11.pafragilis, Drnpernaud, Hist. <les l\:Ioll., p. GS, pi. 4, f. ,1; Tm·bo pervcrsus, l\Iontagu, Test. Brit., P· 35:i, pi. 11, f. 12; Maton ali(! Hacket, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 18 1, pi. 5, f. 2; llrown, Ency. llrit., Gth Ecl., VI, p. '15G. Shell clongatc<l, subpcllucid, thin, with a yellowish-brown epidermis; bocly shorl ; spire l'ery long, consisting of from five to eight somewhat ventricosc volutions, wcll clelined by th c suture, ami !erminati11g in a slightly obtnse apex; apertnrc s ubquadratc; onter lip thin, white, a little re tlccted ; pillar Iip white, narrowly reflcctecl on the columella, with a small sub - umbilicus behind; wholc shcll co\·ered with slender longitudi11al stri,c. Le11gth seklom exceeding a quarler of an inch; día- meter a fourth of its lcngth. Olcl shells are frequently furni shed with an obsolete tooth- like fold aboul the miclclle of the columella. This specics has nrnc:h the aspect of a Clrwsilia, ami may be mistaken for a young shell of that gcnns, but is distingnishcd by the body being coll\'ex alHI simple, and dcslitute of the carinated ridge near thc outer edge, as in the yonng Clrmsilia:. The \'vlntions heing sinistral, will at once mark il from !he genera P.upa ami Bulinms.- This is a vcry local specics, inhabiting thú lrnnks of lrccs, untler thc loose bark, or lmking in the Liciten:; \vhich invcst the bark; ami is not unfrequent ly mel with in the clefts of rocks. GE:-.us 49,-CLAUSILIA~Drnpernaud. Shell sinistral, clongaled, fusiform, tur reted, slendcr; spirc with mune rous \'Olutions, terminating in a somcwhat obtusr, or papillary apex, ami swcll ing gradually towards the body-s01110 species are thiekesl in thc centre; aperture ovale, irregular, obliquc, perctreme, conlinuous, unitctl ali roun<l, the lip gene- rally thickenccl on thc edgc, ami reílected; columella furnishc,I wilh looth-Iikc plaits, ancl a small spiral, elastic, shelly platc, attached by an elastic pcdicle to lhe columella teeth within ; tlestitute of an operculum. Thc shelly bone whieh is altached to the columellar teeth is termed the clausium, a11d from whence the gencric name is dcrivecl. Its function seems to be, to closo up the aperture, when thc animal has recccled within its shell. A highly dis- tinclÍl'e charactcr in the shells of this genns, is, thal the hody is usually less in cliameter, than thc volution next il. Section I.-Shelt smooth; the clausimn 01· sltell!J platc with a notch al top, jltting into a plait situatecl on tite outer lip of the ape1·tui-e. l. Ct,AUSILIA nlDENS, pi. XIV, f. 12.-first Ed., pi. 41, f. 12. Clausilia bide11s, Drapcrnancl, I-list. des Moll., p. G0, pi. 4, f. 5, 6, í; PfcilTcr, P· 60, pi. B, f. 2f,; llrarcl, p. 83, pi. 3, f. 9 ; Alclcr, l\[ag-. Zoo!. ancl Bot., II, p, 110; Rossmassler, !con., J, p. 76, pi. 2, f. 29; Fleming, ]hit. An., p. 271 ; Thompson, Ann. al)(! l\fag. Nat. Hist., VJ, p. 42; llclü· bidcns, Miillcr, Verm., II, p. 116, No. 3 15; Tu1·bo laminatus, l\:Iontagu, Test. Brit., p. 359, pi. 11, f. 4; Clausilia lame/lata, Leach, Moll., p. 118 ; Turlon, Man., p. 70, f. 53; Bulimus bicl~ns, Ilruguicrc, Ency. Meth., p. 352, No. 93,