Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

h\'OLUTE,] n!OLLUSCA. hocly, ami two on the superior l'olutions; surface with a fcw obsoleto wrinkles, or lincs of growth; apcrturc pro,·i<lcd with a 1hin, elastic, horny opcrculum. Founc\ in the canal at Ilirmingham, where it has hitherlo heen mistakcn for the P. vivipam. This spccics rnay be c\istinguishecl from thc P. vivipa?'a by the rnlutions bcing Jess inílatecl, in the suture bcing less clecp, thc spirc lapering lcss abruplly, ali(! more obtuso at !he apex; ami in !he wholc shell being more cylindrical. 3. PALUDINA mPunA, pi. XIV, f. 72, 73.-First Ecl., pi. 41, f. 72, 73. Pal1uli1w fo1p1wr1, Lamarck, An. San. Vert., VI, pt. 2nd, p. 175; Ilrard, Coq. de Paris, p. 183, pi. 7, f. 2; Draper- naucl, l\foll., p. 36, pi. 1, f. 19; Turton, Man., p. 134, f. 120; Alder, l\fag. Zoo!. ami Ilot., II, p. 116; Paludi11a tcntaculata, Fleming, Dril. An., p. 315; Thompson, Ann. ancl Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 17; Ilcli:1; tcntaculatci, Donovan, Brit. Sh., III, pi. 93; Pcnuant, Ilrit. Zoo!., IV, p. 140, pl. 86, f. 140; Mon- tagu, Test. Ilrit., p. 389. Shell oblong-oval, thin, smooth, semitransparcnt; spire con- sisting of four or five ventricosc volutions, dceply divicled by the suture, and terminating in ao acute apcx; apert,ure subor- bicular, pointed above, and closed by a teslaceous, conccntrically wrinkled, operculum, which is internally coated with a testaceous covering, ami its nucleus subcentral; ouler lip smooth on the edgc, moderately strong, with a slightly raised interna! rib; inner lip a little rcílccted on the columclla; externa! surface smooth, and of a yellowish horn colour. Length half an inch; diameter three-eighths. This is a very common shcll, inhabiting most !<low rivers, slreams, and staguant waters. Drapernaud, pl. 1, f. 20, figures a. va.riety of this species which is less, shorter, ancl more conical. 4. PALUDINA VENTRIC0SA, pi. XIV, f. 74, 75.-First Ed., pi. ,11, f. 74, 75. Paludi1w vcnt,-icosa, Lear.h, MSS.; Pfllttdúw acula, Fleming, Brit. An., p. 315; Palmlina simUis, Turton, :Man., p. 135, f. 121; Alder, Mag. Zoo!. and Bot., II, p.116; Tm·bo Leachii, Sheppard, Linn. Trans., XIV, p. 152; Cyclostoma similc, Drapcrmwd, Hist . des llfoll., p. 31, pl. ,1, f. 15? Bithi11ia ven- fricosa, Gray. Mecl. Ilep., 1821, p. 239. Shell oblong-ova.tc, conic, smooth, semitransparent, of a. yel- lowish horn colour; hody large, tumiel; spire abruptly tapering, :md consisting of four much inílatccl volutions, deeply clivided hy the suture, a.ncl terminating in a sharp apcx; aperture nearly orbicular, somcwhat outwal'Clly produced; outcr lip sharp-cdgcd; pillar lip slightly rcílectccl on thc columella, with a small, ob- lique, subumbilicus bchincl; aperlurc protccted by a testaceous operculum. Length a quarter of an inch; breadth two lincs. In some specimens thc body volulion is slightly decussated, the spiral striro being somcwhat more obvious tlmn thc longi- tudinal. Found in ditches al Dattersca, ncar the Tha.mes; and olher places in thc south of Englancl. GENUS 35.-AssIMINIA,-Leach. Shell somewhat oval, light, soli<l, covered with a horny epi- dermis; spire procluced into an acule pyramid; volutions slightly angulaled in the centre, roundcd bennath; apcrture elliptical, somewhat modified by the body Yolution; inner lip plain; colu- mclla imperforate; outer lip thin. It is diflicult to di.tinguish thc shells of this genus from thosc of Litto1·i11a. l. AsstMINIA GnAYANA, pl. XVIII, f. 3, ,1. Assiminia Gragana, Lcach, MSS.; Fleming, 13rit. An., p. 2i5; Berkeley, Zoo!. Journ., V, p. 429, pi. 19, f. ,1; Aldcr, Mag. Zoo!. ancl Bot., II, p. 116; 1.Ycrita sgnccra liepatica, Gray, Med. Rcpos., 1821, p. 239; Paludina Grayana, Poticz, Gal., I, p. 251, pl. 25, f. 23, 2,1; Lymneus Gmgaims, Jeffreys, Linn. Trans., XVI, p. 378. Shell ovate, smoolh, shining, dark redclish hom-colour, or fcrruginous; bocly large; spirc small, consisting of lhrec or four abruptly tapering ,·olutions, slightly divicled by a. ncarly transverse suture, a.ncl terminaling in a somewhat acule apcx; apcrturc ovale, slightly conlractcd al both cxtremitics; outcr lip thin, eYen; inner lip smoolh, a littlc reílectcd on the colu- mella; provided with an ovale, horny, blackish-brown opercu- lum. Length a quarter of an inch; breadth a little more tha11 half its length. Inhabits the Thames and olher rivers, and small s treams co11- nectcd with them, seldom bcyond thc point whern thc water is brackisli. GENUS 36,-VALVATA,-llfüller. Shell discoid, or conoicl, with rounded, close-sct, or deprcsscd volutions ; covered by an olive-coloured epidermis; apcrturn circular, not modified by thc body; pcritreme acul.e, sharp- edged, and continuous; provided with a horny, orbicular oper- culum, consisting of numerous gradually incrca.sing volutions, having an acule membraneous margin, which forms a spiral elevalion on the externa! surface. 1. VALVATA PISCINALis, pi. XIV, f. 62, 63.-Firsl Ed., pi. 41, f. 62, 68. Valv<iia piscinalis, La.marck, An. San. Vert., VI, pl. 2nd, p. 172; Alcler, Mag. Zoo!. and Bot., II, p.116; Kenyon, Mag. Nat. Hist., III, p. 425, f. b, e, d; Fleming, Ilrit. An., p. 28G; Forbcs, Mal. Mon., p. 20 ; Thompson, Ann. a.nd Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 17; Valvata dcp1·essa, Pfciffer, Syst., p. 100, pi . 4, f. 33; Valvata obt~ i.sa, Turton, Man., p. 130, f. 114 ; Brard, Coq. de Paris, p. 190, pi. 6, f. 17 ; Cgclostoma 0Z.tusm11, Dra- pernaud, p. 33, pi. 1, f. 14; Tm·bo fimtinalis, Montagu, Test. Brit., p. 348, pi. 22, f. 4; Lgmnea fontiiwlis, Fleming, Edin. Ency., VII, p. 78; Turbo thermalis, Dillwyn, p. 852. Shell thin, suLpellucid, horn-coloured, smooth, with fine spiral stri.c throughout, and a. few obscure, conccntric Iines of growth; length and brcadth nearly equal; body vcry large, much inílatecl, with a dccp central umbilicus al its ha.se ; spire small, short, consisting of four tumid, deeply definecl volulions; aperturc orbicular; peristome thin, the inner lip slightly atta.chcd to lhc body volution. Length little more than a quarter of an inch. Common in rivers, canals, ponds, ancl lakes in Britain, ancl in ditches in thc Curraghs, Islc of Man. Fig. 64, 65, pl. XIV, is a permancnt variety, with the spire more produccd, a.ne! the volutions somewhat scalariform; founcl al Clonoony, King's County, Irelancl.