Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

18 ll!OLLUSCA. [T11ACHELIPODA, Found plcntifully nt Falmouth, Cornwall : Salcoml, Bay, Dcrnushirc : Donanhadce and Portm:irnock, Ircland. Jn ~ young statc, this shcll is oftcn of an uniform, light-urown cc>l(•ur, with closc-sct, longitudinal srriro uctwccn !he ridgcs; an~ thc base fur- nishcd with 3 subcarinatcd cdgc, aboye wluch the sulcus 1s crcnatcd. 2. '1'. umbilicnlut, pi. XI, f. O and 11.-First Ed., pl. -15, f. O and 11; i\fon- ta•u p. 286; Da Costa, p. 46, pi. 3. f. 4, .j.; Flcmin;;, Bri t. An., p. 322; B;o;vn, Ency. Edíncnsís, pi. 54, f. 8; lb. Eucy. llrit., VI, p. 450; Tro- ch,u umbilicarit, Pcnnant, Brit. Zoo!., IV, p. 126, pi. 80, f. 106; Lamarck, VII, p. 28; Trocl111scÍllerariu1, DonoYan, 13rit. Sh., 111, pi. í~, three cen- t ral fignrPs ; Turton, Brit. Fau., p. 1 í8. Shcll strong, snbconic, depresscd, with fh·c nearly flat volutions, ter- minating in an obtnse apex, nnd dcfincd only by a fine, thrend-likc suture; base ofthe body roundcd at thc margin; the wholc shell covcrcd by almost obsoletc spiral striro, which are strongcr on the somewhat flat- tcnccl base; aperture comprcsscd and angulatcd; insidc pcarlaceous, 1·e- flccting deep green and crimson; outer lip flattened on thc edge; umbilicus large, white, rounded at its cdges, slightly wrinklcd intcrnally, and pcnc- trating to the apex: colour white, livitl, or grPcnish, with longitudinal, waved or zigzal(, rcddish-purple lines. Dinmeter at the base three quar- tcrs of an ínch; height not quite so muclt. Found on fuci ncar low-water mark, in Dc\'Onsltire; \Vales; nnd is plentiful in the Kylcs ofBute; Portmnrnock, Dublin Bay, aud Killough, Treland. Young shclls ofthis spccies are grently deprcsscd, those oftltrce-eighths of an inch at the bnse bcing hardly one-cighth higlt. The apex of tite 'I'roch11111111bilical111 is so thinly covored with epidern,i~, tltat it is lmt rnrely found pcrfcct, the nacrcous suhstnncc almost nlways being cxhibitcd. Thc very higltly iridcscent rcílcctions in the interior of the aperlurc is :m uni- form chnrnctcr of tltis species. 3. T. ci11crnri11s, pi. XI, f. 5 nn<I 8.-First Ed., pi. 45, f. 5 nndS; Mon- tngu, p. 28-1; Donovnn, Ilrit. Sh., III, pi. 74, two uppcr nud two lower figures; Flcming, Brit. An., p. 322; Lamarck, VII, p. 2!J. Sh<'ll subconic, snbdeprcssed, not quite regulnrly toper, with fh·e sli:;htly-raised volutions, scparntccl by a fine suture, tl'rminating in n rn- thcr small produced apcx; the lower margin of tite 1,ody subcarinntcd; thc whole shcll besct with strong spiral stri::c, diagonnlly crosscd by vcry fine, ncarly obsolcte, longituclinnl stri::c: colonr cincrcous, sometimcs ¡:rccnish-ydlow, with fine, longitudinal, undulating, obliquc, hrown lines, freqnently of a purplish huc; nperture ang11latcd, internally penrlaceous; umbilicus lnrge, decp, ancl abruptly uarrowecl within. Size of thc base one inch; height scnu-cighths. Its hcight, ltowever, is but scldom so mnch i11 proportiou to its dinmeter, bcing gencrnlly only about six-eigltths wll('ll its cliametcr is :111 inch. Common on most of the llritish shorcs, in pools, betwcen higlt nnd low wat<'r-mark. Fig. 1 O. ,\ vnricty of Trochus cÍllcrariu.,, in which tite volutions are more inílatecl, nucl the ground colo11r of n fine pale Indinn yellow, with a series of dccp burnt-umhcr brown, triangular spots on the uppcr margin of the body. •l. 'l'. litloralis, pi. XI, f. 1 ancl 4.-First Ecl. , pi. 45, f. 1 and 4. Shcll strong, conical, with s ix slightly rouncled volutions, defincd by a wcll-markccl suture, tcrminating in n small, obtusc, perforatcd apex : tite wholc shell co,·crcd by vcry st rong, spiral stri::c, intersectccl by almost in- visible, obliqncly longitudinal, Ycry closc stri::c; base of tite body with a shar¡l subcnrinntcd nmrgin, slightly rounded bcneath; apcrturc ; ubqund- r:mgnlar, but somcwhnt rounclccl, pcarlaceous ~·ithin: outcr lip thin at the margin, n111l considerably sunk bencath the base of thc shcll; inncr lip thickenccl, all(I slightly reílccted ovcr the umbilicus, wltich is rathcr small, a little co1_nprcssed, ª'.HI p_enct_rating to thc npcx : colonr ycllowish a,h, or palc redd1sh-buff; w1rh fmc, irregular, obliquely lon•ituclinal lincs of clcep rcdclish-brown. Ordinary diameter at t he base Itnlf an inch . hcight somcwhat more. The spccimen from which our fi••ure wns tnkc~ mcasurccl six-cighths ancl a littlc more in hcight. lt is in"thc Cabinct of Ln<ly Jnnlinc. , ,'rl1is sl~cll a~ first sigh_t may be mistaken. for a produced Yaricty of _1 roc/111, w'.~rarw., ; bnt mil be at on_ce rccog111scd by its perforatcd apcx, m the 11mb1hc.us bcing smallcr and shghtly compresscd, in the stri:c bein!! stro1:gcr, ami in its more roundcd nlHI less comprcssed npcrturc. - \\ e first disco,·crcd this specics on the rocks at Killoch, county of Down, lrcbnd, ali(! havc since obtnincd it from Clew Bay, wc,r con;t of Jrdan,1. 5. 7'. ¡,erforalus. Shcll subconic, strong, with fi~c slightly-raisecl Yolutions, tcrminating ¡/Í' in au obtuse, perforatcd npcx; whole snrface invcstcd by a tltick, papil- lose, shngrcen-like epidermis, of a brownish-drnb colonr: bcneath which tite shcll is co\'cred with strong, smooth, spiral stri:c; colour of a grecr.- ish-ash; and ornamentcd by obliqucly longitudinal fine recidish-browu lines . 13ase of the body subcarinatcd, und a little rounded bencath; aper- ture subquadrangulur, pearly witltin; inncr lip tltickcncd, aucl sligltt ly rc- flected Ol'er tite umbilicus, which is small, nncl penctrating to the apcx. Diamctcr at tite base ncnrly six-eighths of :in inch; hcighth about fi\'e- eighths. Dreclged in deep water in tite Kyles of Butc, by James Smith ofJordan- hill, Esr¡. This shcll was at first mistaken by us for a ,·ariety of 1'rocl111s ci11erari11.,, but, on closer cxamination, we found it to posscss ,·cry diflcrent charac- ters. It diílcrs from ali the othcr Britislt Trochusid:n in its bcing invcstcd by a ,·ery thick epidermis; andits subcarinatccl form at the base, wi th the colonr ancl chnracter of its markings, ancl lcss intense j,y nacrecl rcflections, distinguish it from the Trocl111s 11111bilica/11s. It is considcrably more de- presscd than '1'. liltorn/is. G. T. l11111id11s, pi. XI, f. 5 and 8.-First Ed., pi. •J5, f. 5 and 8; l\Ion- tagu, p. 280, pi. 10, f. •l, 4; Turton, 13rit. Fau., p. 177; Fleming, Brit. An., p. 322. Sltell strong, subconic, with fivc rntltcr tumid \'olntions, separated by a dccp, wcll-dcfined suture, ar.d terminating in a small but not toper apcx: the wholc shell covcred with extremcly fine, close-set spiral striro; base of thc body providcd witlt a subcarinated bclt, and somcwhat roundcd bt - ncath, with a small umbilicus, which frcqucntly decreases with ngc, ancl in the largcr shells is somctimcs nenrly closcd; nperturc subquadrangular, pcarlaceous within; colour gcneral1y cinereous brown, sometimcs ycl- lowish, nnd at othcrs purplish brown; strcaked with longitudinal, undn- lating, continuous lines; and gcnerally haYing a bronze appearancc, occa- sioued by thc thinncss of the outer coating, which allows thc mother-of- pearl to shine through. Height ~eldom excceding thrce-eighths of an iuch; brcadth somewhat more. Fonncl in Salcomb Bay and Torcross, Dc,·onshire; the Kentish coast; · Weymouth; t hc consts of \Vales, estuary oftite Clydc, nnd Firth of Forth; and Portmarnock :md Dublin !lay, Irclan,l, of a large size. In this latter locality the specimen was found from which om figure was drawn. í. 'l'. s11bcari11a/11s, pi. XI, f. 30 anti 31.-First Etl., pl . 51, f. 16, !í. Troc/11ts rugosus, 13rown, \Vcrncrian i\Icm., 11, p. 520, pi. 24, f'. 5; Ilcli,· s11bcari110/n, l\Iontagn, p. 43$, pi. í, f. !l; Tutton, 13rit. Fau., p. 187. Shcll subornte, snbpellucid, milk-whit<'; with four modcrately clerntcd rnlutions, wcll dcfined by a hollow suture, bclow which is a spiral grooYe; body lnrgc, considerably inflatcd; spire small, thc ,·olutions of which are placed somcwhat laterally; on tite slightly roundcd base thcre are thrcc conccntric, elevated, smooth r idgcs, the innermost cmanating from thc umbilicus, which is lnrge and dcep, and tcrminating bchind the pillar lip; tite outermost forms a zone around thc margin of' the base, the central ridge being ncarly ec¡nidistant betwecn the others; 011 thc uppcr p:irt of thc body are two spiral ridges, the superior onc rnuning spirally to thc middle of the second \'Olution; the wholc uppcr surface hctwccn thc ridgcs is coYcred witlt ,·ery fine Ullllulating, lon:;itndiual saia', ancl wl:id: is divcrgent on the base, emana.ting from the umbilicns; apcrturc suborl,i - culnr: outcr lip tltick, considerably expandcd; iuucr lip rdlectcd, ancl sprcading a littlc o,·cr the umbilicns. Diamcter at the base not :111 ci!!hth of an inch; height a little more than a sixtccnth. lt is a stroug shdl for its size. Founcl in Salcomb Bny, nigberry Hay, ancl lllilton Sa nd;, DcYoml:in·: the sonth coast of Kent; nnd in-driftcd sand, Portu:arnock, lrdnn,1. lt is a rare British shcll. S11bdivisio11 ll.-Dc.rli/11/c of a11 Cmb:li,·i:.,. S. T. Zi:y¡il,i1111.v, pi. XI, f. IG, lí, I S, 10, 21, 22, :?-l, and 2\J,-F;r,t Ed., pi. •l.'í, f. IG, 17, 18, l!l, 2 1, 22, 2-1, ancl 29; 1',·1111:1111, llrit. Z<>o!. , l~, l'·, ~:!(), pi. 8~, f. 103; Do110Y:.i1, Bri1. ~h., 11 , ¡,l. 52; i\lüntagu, p 2 d; 1 n:ton, 13nt. Faun , p. J ¡¡; Flcmiu;!, l!r it. A11., p. ;;2;¡; Drow:•, Ency. Bnt., VI, p. -152; lb. E11cy. Eclin., J !, p. :;5;1, pi. ;¡5, f. S; La- marck, V JI, p. 23. . Sll<'ll conic, stron¡:, with scrcn 01· cight flat \'Ulntions, ~radnally tapl'r- mg to a \'cry fine poi11tcd apcx; tite wholc ~hd l corcrecl 1,,· a series ,,f ,piral ricl:;cs ; tite lowcr one in cach rolutiun is broackr, all(l ·more pro1111-