Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

112 .MOLLUSCA. [SoI,ENIDEs. Shell strong, convex, subo\·ate; umbones.subcentral, ?r siluate nearesl the greatly truncated and shorter s1de, and wluch gapes widely; anterior sidc well rounded; hinge line ncarly parallc~; basal Jine hollow; externa! surface wilh numerous, concentnc wrinklcs, covcrcd with a ycllowish-brown or drab-coloured epi- dermis, cxtending upwards of half an inch bcyond the open cnd, in which situation the sides of the valvcs are a little rcílccted; hingc with a broa<l, erect, strong, complicated tooth, with a spoon-like triangular cavity for the rcception of thc car- tilage, an<l severa! folds on the side; inside smooth, white. A common shcll on almost ali the coasts of Britain and Ire- lan<l; it Jurks in sand to the depth of three or four inches. FAMILY IX~SOLENIDES. Shells transvcrscly clongated, destitute of accessory pieces, gaping at the lateral extremitics; ligament externa!. GENUS 42.-PANOl'iEA,-Mcsnard. Equivalvc, oval, incquilateral, gaping unequally al both extre- mities; hinge with an acule, primary toolh in each valve, an<l a largc callosily near lhe umbones, supporting thc ligamcnl; lwo distant, oval, muscular imprcssions; pallial imprcssion with a largc sinus; ligament large, externa(, adhering to an ample, pro- minent fulcrum. l. PANOl'll:A GI,YCIMERIS, pi. XLVI, f. l. Pa11opcc<t Glycimcris, First Ed., pi. 10,* f. l; l1fya Glyci- ?1w1·is, Donovan, IV, pi. 142; Maton and Hackett, p, 34; Mon- tagu, Sup,, P· l!). Shell tr:msversely clongate<l, very lhick, and undulous; wilh transvcrse wrinklcs, ami gaping widely at both cxtrcmitics; umbones largc, clcvated, obtusc, and ncarly straight; general colour of a cincrcous or ochraceous huc; hinge with a Jarge, vcry lhick, primary tooth, and a smallcr one Lcsiclc it, with severa! lrnnsvcrse folds. First discovcrcd bctween thc Doggcr Bank and Eastcrn coast of Englaml; Turton givcs as a locality Teignmouth; an<l l\lr. 13cm1, of Scarborough, obtained onc alive by drcdging, off lhc coasl of Scarborough, ami also a dcad specimen. GE:-.us •l3~SoLEN,-Linn:cus. Shcll cquivalvc, transversely elongatecl, subcylinclrical, pro- digiously inequilatcral; umbones nearly terminal, situatc close lo the anterior side, ami gaping widely at both extremities; truncatcd, or subtruncated, somctimes rounde<l; hingc linear, with severa! small cardinal teeth, \'arious in form, oftcn acule all(\ rccmvccl; lateral tecth somcwhat clongated ancl crookccl; muscular imprcssions clistant, tongue-shapcd, the anterior one joincd a littlc bchind thc umbones; the posterior onc irregular ami suboral; pallial impression clongatcd, straight ancl bifurcatcd behincl ; ligament long and exterior ; externa! surfacc covcred with a thick, horny epidermis. l. Sou::,; S11,1QuA, pi. XLVII, f. 3, 3. So/en Siliq1w, Firsl Ed., pi. 13, f. 3; Montagu, p. 46; Dono- rnn, II, pi. ·16; Turton, 13iv., p. SO, pi, 6, f. 5 ; Fleming, p. 459; Forbc,, p. 55. Shcll subeylindrical, slra¡'ght, grcally inequilatcral, obliqucly truncatcd, a)l(i open at both sidcs ; hinge situalc at one sidc, ncar thc cxtremity, with a single, thin, compressed, upright loolh in onc vah-e, andan clongated, remole, lateral lamina; thc other valvc with two tceth, a primary ami a lateral inclincd onc, corrcsponding with thc lateral lamina; surface covcrecl with an olivaccous-brown, strong epidermis, cxcepting 011 the greatly lcngthened, diagonal, triangular arca, which takcs its risc at the umbones, and terminales on the oppositc sidc, on this spacc thc epidermis is thinner, ancl frcqucntly of a lilac huc; bcncath the epidermis the shell is cinercous, and streakecl with pale lilac or white; the lowcr arca is striatecl transverscly, with distinct lincs of growth, both of which suddenly cross thc arca longitudinally, ami define thc divisions on thc surfacc; inside dull whitc, fre - qucntly tinged with purple. Varying from an inch toan inch an<l a quarter in lcngth; ancl from sc1·en to cight inchcs in breadth. I found a spccimen at Holy Island mcasuring twel\'C inches. Inhabits most of the shores of Britain ancl Ireland, ncar low watcr-mark, burrowing to the dcpth of a fool in thc sand, which it penelralcs with aslonishing rapiclity. 2. SOLEN VAGINA, pi. XLVII, f. 2, 2. Solcn Vagina, First Ed., pi. 13, f. 2; Montagu, p. 48 ami 565; lb., Sup., p. 25; Turton, Biv., p. 79, pi, 6, f. 4; Flcming, p. 458; Solen ma?-ginatus, Donovan, IV, pi. 110. Shcll straight, nearly cylindrical, trnncated at both encls, that next the hinge somewhat obliquc, rcílcclcd, and providcd with a pretty dccp, longitudinal furrow, cmanating from the exterior sidc of thc umboncs, widcning as it dcsccnds, an<l tcr- minating on thc margin; a lateral, triangular arca takcs its rise on thc superior or hingc linc, al the umboncs, ami terminales on the posterior sidc, occupying about half thc arca of thc shell, an<l dividing it, as it werc, into two lcngthcnecl triangles; wholc surfacc covcrcd with rather closc, irregular stri,I), thcsc run horizontally on thc lower arca, allCI at thcir junction with thc superior arca, turn sudclcnly pcrpcn<licularly, ancl being reíleclcd ncar thc hinge line, termínate on the margin; a fine, rathcr thin, drab-colourcd epidermis inl'csts thc cnlirc shell, which, howcvcr, is frequcntly of an orange or fcrru- ginous-colour ncar thc umbones, extendi•1g consiclcrably bc- yond the basal margin, ancl posterior sidc; umboncs situate close to t.hc anterior side; hingc with a single, comprcsscd, elcvatc<l tooth in each valve, which lic closc lo cach othcr when the \'alves are shut; dcsti tute of lateral tccth; a largc, lateral, an<l thickcnecl lamina takes its risc from thc base of the cardinal tceth in both valvcs, thcsc are acule al bolh extrcmitics; insidc smooth, glossy, allCI of a purplish-whitc tinge. Orclinary lcngth aboul thrcc-quartcrs of an inch; brca<lth aboul four inchcs: although it frcqucntly con,idcrably cxcecds that sizc. This is a \'Cry local spccics, ami has bccn found ncar Laug- harc, Cacrmarthcnshirc; Red \Vharf, Anglc;ey ; , Vcymouth ; ami is frequcntly met with in Dublin Bay, Port111m·nork, Bal- briggin, all() \Vcstern coasls, Irclaml. 3. S01.EN LIGULA, pi.XLVII, f. 2:" Solcn Ligula, Turton, Bil·., p. 81, pi. G, f. G. "Shcll straight, in onc ral\'c a single, comprcsscd, t,btu;c, slightly clol'en tooth, ancl two in thc othcr."-1'11r/011.