Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

Co:-cuAcEA.) :MOLLUSCA. purplc or rcchlish-brown, hal'ing thc appcarance of Chincsc cha- ractcrs; insidc smooth, glossy, whitc, frcqucntly tingecl with saffron-colour or purple; margins smooth; two of the cardinal tceth clcft; s0111cti111cs thc colour is of a uniform goldcn-yellow. Lcngth rnrying from an inch ami a half to two inchcs; brcaclth from two inchcs ancla c¡uartcr te> two inchcs an<I firc-cighlhs; anti when it attains the laller sizc, the margins of the valvcs are much thickcnccl. Found on many of the Tiritish a11cl Jrish coasts; l,ut more local than the following. 2. PuLI.AS1'llA vuLGAn1s, pi. XXXVII, f. 7. Venus pullastm, First Ed., pi. 1!), f. 7; Montagu, p, 125; Turton, Div., p. 15!); Flcming, p. 451 ; Forbes, p. 53; Lamarck, V, p. 598; l\faton all(l Rackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. SS, pi. 2, f. 7, Shcll transversely subornle; anterior siele subtruncated; with fine, longitudinal, and transverse strim, gil'ing a fine reticulatcd :1ppcarance to the surfacc, which is ·or a palc ycllow, buíl~ or white, with numerous, brown, zigzag, irregular markings; inside smooth, whitc, or tingccl with palc ílesh-colour or purplc, par- ticularly towards thc subtruncatc<l side; margins smooth. This shell bears a strong resemblance to P. clecll-ssat<t, from which, however, it is <listinguished by being smoothcr, the decus- satccl strim fincr, ami in the general fonn being less square. Both the longitudinal and transYerse striw are much coarser in P. clcc11ssa/ct on the posterior side, producing a granulated appearancc. Common on most of the British and Trish coasts. 3. PuLLASTitA PEnFonANs, pi. XXXVII, f. 10. Venus pe,j'orans, First Ed., pi. l!), f. 10; Montagu, p. 127, pi. 3, f. 6; Maton ancl Rackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, p. 89; Brown, \Vernerian 11-Icm., II, p. 511; Vcnei·upus pc1:forans, Lamarck, V, p. 506; Tmton, I3iv., p. 2!), pi. 2, f. 15, lG, 17, 18; Venus pullastra, ,"J01mg, Forbes, p. 53. Shcll sul,rhomboidal; with very fine, longitudinal, and strong transl'erse stri:-c, which haYe much the aspee! of wrinklcs; um- boncs placed near onc ene!, ancl turnecl a littlc obliquely; slrim of anterior side rough; colour of a <lull, dirty ycllowish-brown; inside smooth, white. This specics will casily be distinguishcd from the young of P. decussata, by ils more slender ancl rccurved tceth. It is subjcct to much rnriation in form. Founcl bnrrowing in rocks at Teignmonth, Torbay, ancl off Plymouth; and in stones at Howth and Portmarnock, Ireland. 4. Pu1.LASTRA lnus, pi. XXXVI, f. 9. Venus lrus, First Ed., pi. 20, f. !) ; Caps<t lrus, Lcach, MSS., p. S; Dona.i· I,·us, Montagu, p. 108 and 573; Donovan, I, pi. 2!), f. 2; Maton all(l Rackett, p. 77; Vene1·11pis ll'us, Lamarck, V, p. 507; Flcming, p. 451 ; Peti-icola Irus, Turton, I3iv., p. 26, pi. 2, f. l ,1. Shell transversely suboval, opaque, dull whitc, or pale clrab, an<l somctimcs clull purple; providccl with concentric, membra- naceous, elcvatecl, unclulated ridges, rcílectecl upwards, frc- c¡uently intcrruptccl, with their intcrstices finely striatcd longi- tudinally; uml,o small, placed near lo one si<le, thc beak much turncd inwards; insidc white, or pale llcsh-colour, gencrally with a dark purple or lilac spot ncar the hinge, ancl placed towarcls thc longcr side of thc vall'cs; tceth small, clcft, one excepted. z This spccies is cxtremely liablc to rary in its externa! con- lom. Found Lurrowing in harcl Lime~tonc rocks on the DeYon- shire coast, all(I is prctty plentiful in thc rocks at Torbay; all(I found at Youghal, Ireland, by Hol,t. Dall, Esq., Dublin Castle. 5. PuLLAS1'1lA vrnGINEA, pi. XXXVI, f. 6, ancl pi. XXXVII, f. 8, 9. Venus virginea, First Ed., pi. l!), f. S, 9, ami pi. 20, f . 6; Montagu, p. 128; l\'Iaton ancl Hackett, Linn. Tr., VIII, I'· 89, pi. 2, f. 8; Turton, Div., p. 156, pi. 8, f. 8; Forbcs, p. 53. Shell transverscly subornl, strong, smooth, s!tining; with wide-sct, transverse stri::I!, here ancl therc interrupted by a larger and <leeper one; colour various, of a pale chcstnut, fle sh- colour, or reclclish-brown, ornamented with rays, cloucls, and spots of various forms ancl hues, of umber-brown, purple, 01· rust-colour; a l:mceolatc, cordiform lunule under thc uml,oncs; insicle white, frcqucntly t inged with rose-colour, blue, or pur- ple; margins quite smooth. Doth si<les of this shell are more acuminatccl tlmn cither thc P. vulgcwis or clecussata. This beautiful shell inhabits most of the coasts around Grcat Britain all(I Jreland, ancl is liable to somc rariety in shapc. 6. PuLLASTnA AUnEA, pi. XXXVI, f. 5, 7, S. Venus a1weci, First Ed., pi. 20, f. 5, 7, 8; Lamarck, V, p. 600; Montagu, p. 129; Turton, Bh·., p. 154; l\faton ami Hackett, p. 90, pi. 2, f. 9; I3rown, \\ 7 ernerian Mem., II, p. 511 ; Fleming, p. 449, Shell lransvcrsely subovatc, subcordiform, rathcr in!latecl, modcratcly strong, rounclecl; with fine, lransversc stri:c, ancl ncarly obsolcte, longitudinal strim, which are not visible without the aid of a lcns; umbones nearly central, small, ancl inflatcd, beneath which is a short, lanccolatc, cordifonn lunulc; colour various, sometimcs crcam-whitc, pale or gol<len-ycllow, or brownish-ycllow, markecl with purplc, bluish-black, 01· rcdclish- brown zigzag lincs; insi<le whitc, rich gohlen-yellow, or purplc; hinge with thrcc cardinal teeth in cach valve, the middlc onc cleft. Lcngth gcnerally an inch; breaclth an inch ami threc- cighths: but sometimes exceeds this size. This spccics is liablc to somc variety in form, as will be noticccl from the figures in the plalc. · Found plentifully on the Dcvonshire, Cornwall, ancl Dorset- shirc coasts; Dublin Bay, Portmarnock, and Carrickfcrgus, Ircland. GENUS I 0.-VENUS,-Linnrous. Shell smooth, cquirnll'c, inequilatcral, transvcrse, subglobose, or subornl; externa! surface somctimes rugosc; margins closc; thrce dirnrgcnt, cardinal teeth in ca.ch valvc, ali approximatc; umbones promincnt for the most part, with a corc\iform <lcprcs- sion immcdiately undcr thcm; two lateral, remole, somcwhat orbicular muscular impressions, united by a pallial imprcssion, which is generally providc<l with a short, triangular sinus be- hincl; ligamenl externa!, although sometimcs almost hi<lden by thc extension of thc outer edge of thc shcll. J. VENUS GALLINA, pi. XXXVI, f. 1 l. Venus Gallina, First Ed., pi. 20, f. 11 ; Flcming, p. 448; Turlon, Biv., p. 149, pi.!), f. 2; Forbes, p. 52; Venus striatufct, Montagu, p. 113; O1·t9gia Gallina, Lcach, MSS., p. 8.