Illustrations of the recent conchology of Great Britain and Ireland, with the description and localities of all the species, marine, land and fresh water

CAl\01,\CEA.] MOLLUSCA. Si Coi·, l\Iontagu, p. 13-1 ami 578; lb., Sup., p. 50; Donovan, IV, pi. 13-1 ; Laskey, W ernerian l\Iem., I, p, 385, pi, 8, f. i; Ilrown, \Vernerian i\Icm., II, p. 511 ami 535. Shell suhglobose, much inflatecl, heart-shapecl, strong; wilh s trong, irregular, transverse wrinkles, increasing in coarseness ami ele,·ation as they approach the base of the ,•alves; coverecl with a clark hrown, or reddish-brown epidermis; umbones large, greally contorted, the beaks pointed upwards, much turned to one side, cousidcrably apart from each other, and a somcwhat hollowed spacc below them, 011 each side of the junction of the \':ll\'eS; insicle dull yellowish-white, frcquently tinged with pale flesh-colour, and pale buff; surface of largc specimens rather uneven; margins smooth, ami sharp 011 the edge; muscular impressions strongly markecl, that on the left sirle deep ; hingc with very prominent tecth, standing above the leve! of the ,·ah·c; in thc right valve an erect cardinal and a longitudinal tooth, fitting into deep sockets in the opposite valvc, which is providcd with a double crect cardinal tooth. Pound in Ilantry Ilay, Dublin Ilay, ami Cove of Cork, Ire- land ; off St. Abb's 1-Icacl, Scotland ; and is said to inhabit thc Hcbrides. GENUS 8.-CARDIUM,-Linnmus. Shell equivalve, nearly equilateral, and more or less gaping posleriorly; generally with slrong ribs, radialing from the um- bones to the margins; inside of the lips crenulated, or dentated, corresponding in sizc to the ribs; two approximate, oblique, cardinal teeth in both valves, locking into cach other crossways, ami with two remole, lateral tecth in both valves; two lateral, distinct, muscular impressions in each valve; mantlc imprcssions entire; liagament externa!. l. CARDJUM ACULEA1'UM, pi. XXXIV, f. 1, 2, 3, 4, . 5, :md 7, Canl-imn acule<ttum, First Ed., pl. 21, f. 1, 2; llfontagu, p. 77 ; Carclium ciliare, tho young shcll, Montagu, p. 79 ; Dono- van, I, pi. 6; Flcming, p. •120 ; Turton, Biv., p. 180, pi. 13, f. 6, 7; Forbes, p. 45; Ilrown, Wernerian Mcm., II, p. 508, Shell suborbicular, very convex; anterior side rounded; pos- terior sido subtruncalcd, produced at its lowcr marginal anglo; with about twenty-one s lrong, longitudinal, squarc-sidcd ribs, emanating at thc umboncs ancl terminating on the margins, which are strongly scalloped, the tcrminalion of thc ribs of onc valvc locking into the base of the furrows in thc opposite one; cach rib with a central, longitudinal sulcus, in which are planted numernus, short, compresscd, arcuatcd spincs, these are longer and more acule on thc sidos of thc valves; outsidc of a ycl- lowish-brown colour, with transverse, clistant, broad bands of brown, and gcnerally darkcr in thc sulci, which are deep and transversely striatcd; insi<le glossy, yellowish, ficsh-colourcd, or purple, with ílattenecl ribs, causcd by the externa! furrows being raisccl internally, the inlerstices between thc ribs white, are of a paler huc than thc rest of thc interior. Diamcter nearly four inches. Inhabits thc South Devonshire coast; Dowlish, Warrcn, Torcross, thc H cbri<lcs, an<l Orkncy Jslands; Dublin Bay and Portmarnock, Jrclancl. Figs. 3, 4, 5, au<l 7, thc young shell; thc latlcr is Ca,·dium ciliare of Donovan and Montagu. 2. CAHDIUM EC111NATU)I, pi. XXXIV, f. 6 ancl S. Ca.rdiwn rchinatum, First Ed., pi. 21, f. 6 an<l 8; Montagu, p. 78; Turlon, Biv., p. 183; Fleming, p, 421 ; Ilrown, ,ver- nerian Mem., II, p. 509. Shcll suliorbicular, very com·cx; umbones ncarly central; with about eightcen longitudinal, somewhat wrinkled ribs, pro- ,·idecl with a central series of numerous, closc-set, com·cx spines, thc intcrvening furrows dccp, aml transl'ersely striatcd; thc base of thc ribs of one vah·e locking into the inten·cning furrows of thc opposite \'ah·c; colour rusty orange-yellow; insidc white, glossy, sometimes slightly tingcd wilh ycllow. Diamctcr two and a half inchcs. This shell <liffcrs from C. cchi11atum, in being more orbicular, consi<lerably less, the ribs roun<ler, the furrows more wrinklcd, the spines not so long, and blunt at the points. It is common 011 ali thc coasts of Grcat Ilritain and Ircland. Fig. 8, thc young shell. 3· CARDIUM TUDERCULATUM, pi. XXXIV, f. 9. Ccwdimn t11be1·culatum, First Ed., pi. 21, f. 9; Lnmarck, VI, pt. 1st, f. 8; Montagu, p. i9 and 568; Donovan, III, pl. 107, f. 2; Turtou, lliv., p. 181 ; Fleming, p. •121. Shell strong, ponderous, ncarly globular; umboncs largc, much inílccted; anterior side slightly flattcncd; posterior sirle wcll roun<lcd; surfacc co,·crcd with about twenty-onc rounded ribs, the anterior ones beset with shorl, rounded, blunt lltber- clcs, aud the posterior ones a little scaly; thc intcrvcning fur- rows roughly and irregularly striatc transverscly; colour of a palc rusty-brown; insidc cream-white, with the ribs extcnding only half way up from thc base of the valves. Diametcr ncarly four inchcs. Inhabits the Sands at Falmouth, Cornwnll, Pnignton San<ls, Torbay. Jt is, howcvcr, a raro Ilritish spccics. 4. CARDIUM EDULE, pl. XXXV, f. 1, 2, 3, ,J, 5, 6, ¡, Ca1·climn ed11lc, First Ed., pi. 22, f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Mon- tagu, )l• 76; Turton, Biv., p. 188; Flcming, p. 422; Forbes, p. 46 ; Cardium 1·usticum, Donovan, IV, pi. 124, f. 1, 2. Shell ycllowish-whitc, subglobose, oblique; with about twcnty- six ant.iquated, longitudinal ribs, providcd with numcrous, trnns- verse, scaly processes, and wi<lc-sct lines of growth ; posterior end a little clongated; inside whitc; the muscular impressions, and pro<luced side, frequcntly of a rusty-brown; tho interno) ribs rcaching only about a fourth of thc length of thc shell from thc margins, which are dccply scallope<l. This shell is common on almost ali sandy shores in Grcot Ilritain ami Irelan<l. It frequcntly grows lo a largo sizc, pnr- ticularly in Orkney, whcrc it oftcn allains ncarly two inches and a quarter in length. It is subject to consi<lcrablc variety in its contour. Figs. 5 and 6, thc young shcll. At thc first stage it is ncarly orbicular, which will at once distinguish it from thc C.fasciatum and C. e:riguum. Fig. 2, thc ordinary sizc of the shell. Fig. 1, <lrawn from a specimen foun<l al Waterford, Ircland. · Fig. 3, taken from a spccimcn obtaincd at thc basin of Mon- trosc, where it is thc or<linary form; the transverso scales of thc ribs of a re<ldish-brown. Fig. •1, a very beautiful, thin vnricty, found in Lough Strang- for<l, Ircland, gcnernlly of a rusty-brown colour. Fig. 7, Ca1·dfom 1·1isticum of Donovan.