Comunidad del pacífico en perspectiva - Volumen 2

OCEAN RESOURCES AND OCEAN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PACIFIC ned by individual nations. Recently, extended economic zones have become cmtomary international law, and the migratory fish that find themselves in one or another of these zones on their Pacific– coastal nations. Therefore, they fall under the management and Ulre of these individual nations for that portion of the year during which they frequent particular economic zones. Even though scien– tifíc rationale may suggest that it would be desirable to manage highly migratory fish as a species rather than by separate regula– tions in each economic zone where the fish may find themselves at the time, the interpretations of rights of coastal nations in their 200-mile economic zones makes such ocean -or area- wide manage– ment difficult. It is, however, likely that the Pacific nations will be able to invent social technologies or management paradigms that will permit the application of area-wide findings to national ocean spaces or subregions. Most probably a two-tiered organization with a broad scientific advisory body in a more restricted association of tropical Pacific nations would be adequate for management. Reso– lution should be sought along those or similar lines not only of who owns the tuna but how they should be managed so as not to be taken too heavily for the good of succeeding generatíons. This would enhance Pacific unity. Just as migratory fish should be managed on the basis of yet-to– be-invented rules agTeed upon by a number of nations, so are there needs for internationalIy acceptable management paradigms for the polymetallíc nodules of the Pacific sea floor. Rere, the rise to cus– tomary law status of 200-mile extended economic zones may be of detriment to reaching an internationally acceptable solution; a number of Law of the Sea experts think it possible that mining may begin inside one or another economic zone (Allen and Cra– ven, 1979). Even if that were to come to pass, the large extent of the resource and the future, perhaps far future, need of many na– tions for the metals it could provide leave hope for eventuaIly achie– ving for it equitable international management. We have mentioned at the outset that tropical diseases can be brought under control, thanks to application of nutritional princi– pies, sanitation and medical technologies such as antibiotics. Pro- 143