Desarrollo de la Antártica

EL DESARROLLO DE LA ANTÁRTICA particular, the meteorological observation network was practically established on the routine basis in tibe Antarctic continent during the IGY period, and the communication system of weather data also was established among the Antarctic stadon and between Antarctica and other continents. ,In addition to the IGY discipline O'bservations, other kinds of re– searohes such as biological and geological ones were continued at the Antarctic stations during the IGY period and afterwards. It is a matter of course to carry on mese biolot,o:Ícal and geological studies in An~ tarctica, because very liule ihad bee:n !known about ,any kind oí nature in this continent. The development of scientific studies and the utilization of re– sults of these studies since the IGY time will be summarized for diffe– rent individual scientific disciplines in the following sections. In 1959 when JGY program was transfered to a new one year ¡program called the International Geophysical Cooperation-1959 (IGC, 19"59), 35 stations in Antarctica were being actively engaged in scientific observations of various disciplines. In ITabIe 1, these 35 Antarctic stations are listed with their locations and the disciplines of their main scientific re– searohes. In this table, however, tihe fie1d 'Work disciplines such as geodetic, geologic and gravity surveys are e1iminated, though the field work parties for 1lhese surveys were issued from some of these per~ manent stations. § 3. METEORÚLOGY AND !CLIMATOLOGY IN ANl1ARCTIC a) Development 01 observational progmms. The weather conditions in Antarctic ¡Peninsula were intermittently observed by Argentine, British and Chilean meteorolog~sts sÍnce tJhe beginning of this Century. The meteorological conditions of Ross sea area also have 'been gradually clarified since 1909 by us and Bri– tish expedition parties. In East Antarctica, the meteorological obser– vations made by a German party at Gauss Station (1901 '-' 1903) and by a French party at Cape Denison (1911 '-' 14) also should be recor– ded in a history of Antarctic weather studies. The First (February, 1958) and Second (August, 1958) meetings of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) of ICSU re– commended the following general meteorological investigations. a) The 'heat and moisture budget of the Antarctic atmosphere amI ice-sheet. b) Tihe mean air circulation in th~ Antarctic regions. 74