Desarrollo de la Antártica

Takesi Nagata / THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENTlFIC RESEARCH ••• on Ross ice-shelf and his team members also carded out biological surveys on b~rds and marine animals (including lcrills) in iRoss Sea area, geological surveys of Edward VII Land and Ross 1sland, describing Beacon sandstone layer and fossils (woods and animals) in fair detail, and meteorological researohes (1911-12). Dougla.~ Mawson (Australia) and his team members made extensive geogra· phical and geodetic surveys of King George V Land, Queen Mary Land and Macquaire 1sland and further they carried out geomagnetic studies of the South magnetic pole (1911-14). The second quarter O'f the 20th Century could be caBed tlhe developing sta¡ge of Antarctic sciences. During 30 years froro 1925 10 1955, a number of Antarctic expedition parties were issued from Argentine, If\ustralia, Chile, Gerrnany, France, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, UK and USA, and the permanent or semi-permanent Antarc– tic stations were built up. This period was opened by an extensive oceanographical survey program made by mis "Discovery" (UK, 1925-26) continued until 1939 with the aid of other ships. Tibe O'ceanograp:hic surveys of the southemmost parts of oceans were carried out by mis "Meteor" (G~r. many, 1925-27), and mis "Norvegia" (Norway, 1927.30) also during the nearIy same periodo 1t may be said, however, that extensive and comprehensive scien– tific studies of the Antarctic continent were started by the first expe· dition led by Admiral Richard E. Byrd (USA, 1928-30), and were succeeded by his own second (1933-35) and third (1939-41) expedi– tion. The survey area was markedly enlarged wi1:Jh the aid of air– crafts in his expedition parties. Thus, modem scÍentific studies in b:ology, geomorplhology, geology, gladology and geophysics of An– tarctica have been rapidely developed since that time. The us research activities in Antarctic were further strengthened by "Operación Highjump" which also was headed by Byrd (194-6.417). Scientific contributions achieved in a period from 1948 to 1954 by the Frenoh party led by André F. Liotard on Adelie Land (1948- 5.3), the British-Norwegian-Swedish party on Queen Maud Land (1949-1952), and the Australian party headed by Philip G. Law at Mawson (1953.54) also are very significant in the science devélop– ment history in Antarctic. Some of important sdentific results oh– tained in this period will be summarized togetlher with later ones in the forthcoming sec1Íons for indiv:'dual sóen tific disciplines in this reporto