Desarrollo de la Antártica

Takesi Nagata I THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENTlFIC RESEARCH ••• IV. Polar Orbitíng lSatellite Programs Special polar orbiting satellites will be launched for rhe IMS pro– grams. Even at present, several polar orbiting satellites such as ISIS-I, ISIS-U, USAF-DAPP, NOAA-lII, NOAA-IV, etc. are supplying extremely im– portant data of the top-side ionosphere, V'LF-emissions, auroral emis– sions, visible and infra-red radiations, etc. ís the entire Antarctic regíon. These satellite data are being currently received at tille satellite da– ta receiving stations located mostIy outside of Antarctica and Ilhose data are processed for the use of worId scientists. Several Antarctic stations, however, are now directly receiving these satellite data in situ. These satellite data receiving stations are located at Syowa (for 1515-1, -11, NOAA-II1, - íV), Dumont d'Urville (ISIS-I, ISIs-n), Kerguelen (ISIS-I, -n) and MoM'urdo (NOAA-I1I, -IV and others). b) Main Scientific Results The substance of scientific results of o'bservations analyses and phy– sical interpretations of tlhe upper atmospheric and magnetospheric phenomena obtained in Antarctica may be too much professional to be described in detail in tihe present general review report. A very brief summary of these results may be found, for instance, in "Austral Substorm" by Nagata (1971) 'Or in "Auroral FIares and Solar FIa– res" by Nagata (1975), while the whole scientific story of these re· sults are well summarized in "¡Polar and Magnetospheric Substorm" by Akasof.u (1968) or "Solar Terrestrial Physics" by Chapman and Akasofu (197'2). However, an outline of the polar and magnetosphe– ric substorm physics derived mostly from Antarctic data will be briefly introduced here. i) Austral aurorae. (The Southern aurorae) The soutlhem aurora was very little known until the IGY time. Now every aspect of the soutJhem aurorae is known as equally well as the northem aurora. (Fig. 11 illustrates an example of southern aurora photographed from a satellite. It is clearIy seen in this photograph that an electron auroral bulge newly formed is going to espand po– leward and westward. The broad diffuse aural belt suriounding the sharp electron auroral bulg,e is tlhe proton aurora. The sharp electron aurorae are tJhe greenish-yellow coloured auro– rae which can be easily observed by naked eyes. It has been esta– blished that electron aurorae are emitted from the upper atmosphe- 1°9