Desarrollo de la Antártica

Takesi Nagata / THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ., • 11. Sounding rocket and balloon programs The direct measurements of the hig;h atmosphere and the upper atmosphere by means of souding rockets are now becoming very im– pOTtant methods of reseaidhes of these phenomena. The sounding rocket programs performed to-date in Antarctica are summarized in the following table (Table 18) . TABLE 8 80UNDING ROCKET PROGRAM8 IN ANTARCTICA Lanch Site Coordinates Date Observing Item 66°40'8 1968 { Particles 140 0 01'E VLF-emissions Dumont d'UrvilIe 67°40'8 1968 - J Atmosphere 45°51'E Particles Electric fie1ds Molodezhnaya 8yowa 69°00'8 1970-3 L Particlcs 39°35'E 1976 - r Electric and magnetic field ~ Ionosphere Kerguelen l VLF-emissions, etc. 49°21'S 1975 - f X-rays 70 0 12'E Élcctric fields, etc. The measurements of auroral X-rays, electric fields, precipitating particles, VLFemissions etc. by means of high-altitude balloons at 30 '-' 35 km in hight also are very powerful methods in studying the aurOTal phenomena. T:he follawing table (Table 9) summarizes the balloon-borne measurements of !fuese aurora-related phenomena to date in Antarctica. iii. Conjugate Point lResearch IPrograms As already mentioned, the Arctic upper atmosphere is connected by geomagnetic field lines through the eart!h's magnetosphere to the An– tarctic upper atmosphere. AcualIy, the electromagnetic instabilities in the plasma in the earth's magnetosphere cause sudden breakups of simultaneous precipitations of auroral particles towards bot:h the Antarctic and Arctic auroral zones along the geomagnetic field lines. Consequently, IJhe coordinated simultaneous observations of the au– roral phenomena at geomagneticalIy conjugate prints have specifical– ly important significance in these studies. 10 7