Desarrollo de la Antártica

EL DESARROLLO DE LA ANTÁRTICA mostly in the Arctic regíon. The coordinated observatory networks were established in Antarctica for the IGY purpose in order to make simultaneous observations of polar auroral and relevant phenom~'na together witih the iArctic stations. Duríng the IGY period, 22 An t ...- ;.: stations were operated for the upper atmosphere physics ob¿~I~'-ns. Among them, 15 stations made the auroral observations with the aid of the all-sky cameras, 13 the geomagnetic variation recordings by me magnetographs and 18 the ionosphere sounding by the ionosondes. In addition, the auroral spectral photometry, the índuction magneto– grap'hs to observe ULF emissions, the riometer observations, VLF- and ELF auroral radio wave emission observations and cosmic-ray counters were operated at several selected statÍons. Thus, the observatory networks in Antarctica for the upper atmos– phere phenomena became almost as good as those in the ArctÍ, regíon. The lGY was the opening of the present "space age", because tremendous progress in our knowledge of the earth's outer atmo,– phere and tlhe surrounding spaee was aehieved by this programo For example, the conjugate relationship of auroral phenomena between an Antaretie site and its geomagnetically eonjugate point in the Arctíe was first established in the IGY programs. mhe lGY and IGc-1959 programs were followed by the International Q'uiet Sun Year Programs (IQSY) and then by the Internacional Active Sun Year IP'rograms (IASY) . These international scientific programs to darify the solar-terrestrial relationship on fue basís of worldwide observatory networks have resulted in a successfull achieve– ment of understanding the physics of the interaction of tlhe solar plasma stream (the solar wind) and the earth's atmosphere through the earth's magnetic field. A large number of artificial satellites were launehed to make eomprehensíve studies on the earth's mag– netosphere and its variations. The earth's magnetosplhere ís frequently attacked by stormy events– called the magn.etosp,h'l1ric substorms, and the magnetospheríc substonns are always aecompanied by the polar aurorae. Since the polar aurorae appear only in the Aretie and Antaretic regions on the earth, the systematic simultaneous observations of aurorae and relevant upper atmosphere phenomena in both the Arctic and the Antarctic are the essentiaI basie requirement for promoting the solar-terrestrial relations physics, or in other words, the magnetospherie and spaee physíes. In this sense, the upper atmosphere physics researches in Antarctica have an extremely specific significance. 1°4