Desarrollo energético en América Latina y la economía mundial

DESARROLLO ENERGÉTICO EN AMÉRICA LATiNA y LA ECONOMfA MUNDIAL the price determining power that had been exercÍsed for decades by the oil companies. 11. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF ENERGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES In addition to OPEC member countries there are twelve net oil pxpor– ting developing countries. These countries (Angola, Bahrain, Bolivia, Congo, Egypt, Malaysia, Mexico, Syria, Oman, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia and Zaire) exported in 1975 some 1.2 MBD 01' the equivalent of 4.7% of OPEC oil exports in that yeal' which amounted to 25.3 MBD. The enel'gy consumption of the non-OPEe oilexporting countries ranged between 17% and 18% of the combined annual energy con– sumption of all of the non-QPEe developing countries for the period 1955 to 1975 4 • The non-OPEC developing countries (NODCS) of the world consu– med 2.5 million barreIs a day of oil equivalent (MBDOE) of commercial energy in 1955. By 1970 their consumption had increased to 6.8 MBDOE. This represents a growth rate of over 11 % ayear. During the same period, the rate of population growth was 2.4% and that of per capita gross national product was 3% per year. If we were to subtract the last two rates of growth from the rate of growth of energy con– sumption, we arrive at a net rate of increase in energy consumption of 5.6% per capita during the same periodo NON·OPEC DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION 1955-1970 (Millions of BarreIs Per Day of Oil Equivalent) Consumption Production 1955 1960 1965 1970 1955 1960 1965 1970 Oil 1.628 2.146 2.902 0.771 U38 1.546 2.967 Solid Fuels 0.785 1.047 1.350 1.468 0.732 0.998· 1.314 1.442 Natural Gas 0.076 0.155 0.296 0.497 0.066 0.169 0.317 0.556 Primary Electridty 0.050 0.090 0.143 0.232 0.050 0.089 0.142 0.232 Total 2.539 3.438 4.691 6.773 1.619 2.394 3.319 5.197 Source: World Bank, Energy and Petroleum in NOn-ol'EC Developing Countnes 1974-1980 (Staff Working Paper, NQ 229, Februarl', 1976). 'World Bank, Á Program to Accelerate Petroleum Production in· the DefJeloping Countries (Washington, 1979) , p. 3, and Energy and Petroleum in Non-oPEe Deve- 10Ping Countries, 1974-1980 (Washington, 1971). 32