Narrative of the surveying voyages of his majesty's ships Adventure and Beagle (vol.3)

XU CONTENTS. CHAPTER XII. Falkland Islands— Excursion round island — Aspect — Cattle, horses, rab- bit, wolf-like fox — Fire made of bones — Art in making fire — Manner of hunting wild cattle — Geology, fossil shells — Valleys filled with great fragments, scenes of violence — Penguin — Geese — Fggs of doris Zoophytes, coralline phosphorescent — Compound animals . 245 CHAPTER XIII. Strait of Magellan — Port Jamine — Geology — Deep water in channels Erratic boulders — Climate — Limit of fruit trees — Mean temperature Luxuriant forests — Rigour of antarctic islands — Contrast with the north — Snow-line, great flexure of — Glaciers — Icebergs transport frag- ments of rock— Glaciers in low latitude — Absence of erratic blocks in intertropical regions — Glaciers and tropical vegetation — Comparison with nortliern hemisphere — Siberian animals in ice — Embedded in cold mud — Edible fungus — Zoology — Fucus giganteus — Leave Tierra del Fuego . . . . , .263 CHAPTER XIV. Valparaiso— Excursion to base of Andes — Structure of land — Ascend Bell of Quillota — Shattered masses of greenstone — Immense valleys Mines— State of miners — Santiago — Hot baths of Cauquenes — Gold mines— Grinding mills— Perforated stones— Habits of puma— El turco and tapacolo — Humming-birds .... 308 CHAPTER XV. Chiloe— General aspect — Boat excursion — Native Indians — Castro Large leaves of Gunnera scabra— Tame fox— Ascend San Pedro— Chonos Archipelago— Peninsula of Tres Montes— Granitic range- Lowe's Harbour— Wild potato—Forest— Formation of peat— Myopo- tamus, otter and mice— Cheucau and barking-bird— Furnarius— Singu- lar character of ornithology — Petrels . . . 333 CHAPTER XVI. San Carlos, Chiloe— Osorno in eruption— Ride to Castro and Cucao— Impenetrable forests— Valdivia— Apple-trees— Ride to Llanos— In- dians— Earthquake— Concepcion— Great earthquake— Effects of wave —Rocks fissured— Appearance of the former towns— Water in the bay black and boiling— Direction of vibration— Stones displaced— Cause of great waves— Permanent elevation of land— Great lake of fluid rock beneath crust of the globe— Connexion of volcanic phenomena— Slow elevation of mountain chains, cause of earthquakes . , 356