Narrative of the surveying voyages of his majesty's ships Adventure and Beagle (vol.2- Appendix): between the years 1826 and 1836 : describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagles's circumnavigation of the globe

146 APPENDIX. fleshy ; the lower extremities were short and ill-proportioned ; the thigh of a moderate size, but from the smallness of the muscles of the leg in general, and gestatorii in particular, it looked large ; the calf of the leg was very small. The diminutive size of these muscles must be referred to the cause already mentioned the want of a due circulation in these parts, produced by a cramped position and want of exercise. Having the feet broad and short is common to all who do not M^ear shoes, the bones being somewhat separated, the hgaments stretched, and the muscles flattened from constantly sustaining the weight of the body unsupported by any covering to the feet. The kidneys were healthy, but unusually destitute of fat. There was no tunica adiposa ; the adeps, in this instance, was chiefly collected on the surface, but little in the in- ternal parts. If this is universally the case, it is a wonderful provision of nature to protect their bodies from the inclemency of this inhospitable region. This is the method adopted by nature during the first years of infancy, to habituate the constitution to the vicissitudes and variations of the atmosphere, which otherwise would be incompatible with existence. The arms were better pro- portioned than the lower extremities ; and this is general throughout the Fuegian tribes ; the muscles being firmer, and better formed, from the more constant use of these parts, paddling in their canoes, climbing, and making their wig^vams. The muscles in general, throughout the body, were healthy, but soft and flabby, unlike the firm sinewy muscle of hardy mountaineers : and the bones less indented than is usual in those who have been accustomed to vigorous exertion. In another Fuegian, whom I examined, the marks of the Phre- nological organs, as taken from the skull, were as follows : The Propensities. Amativeness— small. Destructiveiiess— full. Philoprogenitiveness — very large. Constructiveness — snial!. Coiicentrativeness— full. Acquisitiveness- full. Combativeness— very large. Secretiveness— large. The Sentiments. Self-esteem— very large. Veneration— full. Love of approbation— full. Hope— small. Cautiousness-large. Ideality— small. Benevolence— small. Firmness— large.