Las responsabilidades de los Estados frente a la crisis climática. Litigios globales y derecho internacional

79 ¿Pleamar, Ref lujos y Fortunas? bilidad 66 . Entre estos últimos se encuentran los PEID, cuyas eco- nomías 67 y poblaciones son las que dependen en mayor medida del océano 68 , ya que albergan el 20% de la biodiversidad mundial y el 40% de los arrecifes de coral 69 del planeta, y a la vez han contri- buido históricamente en mínima medida a la crisis climática 70 . A pesar de ello, los PEID enfrentan la paradoja de ser los primeros en experimentar los impactos negativos más intensos del cambio 66 Morgera, Elisa y Lennan, Mitchell (2023). “Introduction: Applying a Human Rights Lens to the Ocean-Climate Nexus,” The International Journal of Ma- rine and Coastal Law (1), pp. 1-7; Morgera, Elisa et al., (2023). “Ocean-ba- sed Climate Action and Human Rights Implications under the International Climate Change Regime.” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 1, pp. 1-36; Morgera, Elisa y Lennan, Mitchell (2022). “Strengthening Intergenerational Equity at the Ocean-Climate Nexus: Ref lections on the UNCRC General Comment No. 26+,” Environmental Policy and Law 52(5- 6), p. 445; Lennan, Mitchell, y Morgera, Elisa (2022). “The Glasgow Clima- te Conference (COP26)” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 37(1), pp. 137-151 67 Centro de Comercio Internacional (2024). Fast Facts: Small Island Deve- loping States. Disponible en: https://www.intracen.org/news-and-events/ news/fast-facts-small-island-developing-states#:~:text=The%20total%20 land%20area%20of,of%20the%20world’s%20coral%20reefs. 68 Tokunaga, Kanae, et al. (2021). Ocean risks in SIDS and LDCs. Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance (ORRAA), Stockholm Resilience Centre y Global Resilience Partnership. Disponible en: https://oceanrisk.earth/wp- content/uploads/2022/12/ORRAA-Ocean-Risks.pdf; McField, Melanie (2017). “Impacts of Climate Change on Coral in the Coastal and Marine En- vironments of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS)” Caribbean Marine Climate Change Report Card: Science Review, pp. 52-59. Disponible en: https://crfm.int/~uwohxjxf/images/6._Coral.pdf. 69 Centro de Comercio Internacional (2024). Fast Facts: Small Island Deve- loping States. Disponible en: https://www.intracen.org/news-and-events/ news/fast-facts-small-island-developing-states#:~:text=The%20total%20 land%20area%20of,of%20the%20world’s%20coral%20reefs. 70 IPCC (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Wor- king Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergover- nmental Panel on Climate Change. Ginebra: IPCC. Disponible en: https:// www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_Full- Volume.pdf