Las responsabilidades de los Estados frente a la crisis climática. Litigios globales y derecho internacional

74 Alana Malinde S. N. Lancaster Tanto el océano, su biodiversidad, como los entornos marinos costeros —conocidos como carbono azul 42 y carbono verde azula- do 43 — han sido científicamente reconocidos como una solución al cambio climático 44 . Para esta solución es central el rol del océano 42 Wylie, Lindsay, Sutton-Grier, Ariana E., y Moore, Amber (2016). “Keys to Successful Blue Carbon Projects: Lessons Learned from Global Case Stu- dies,” Marine Policy (65) pp. 76-84; Bindoff, Nathaniel L., et al. “Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems and Dependent Communities.” En: IPCC (2016). Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC Report), pp. 447-587. Disponible en: https://www.ipcc. ch/srocc/chapter/chapter-5/ ; Hilmi, Nathalie, et al., (2021). “The Role of Blue Carbon in Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Stock Conserva- tion,” Frontiers in Climate (3), p. 710546; Macreadie, Peter I., et al. (2022). “Operationalizing Marketable Blue Carbon.” One Earth 5(5), pp. 485-492; Martin, Angela, et al. (2016). “Blue Carbon - Nationally Determined Con- tributions Inventory.” En The Nature Conservancy, IUCN, GRID-Arendal, Conservation International and World Wildlife Fund (2016). Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Opportunities for NDCs. Noruega: GRID-Arendal. Disponible en: https://www.grida.no/publications/378. 43 Dundas, Steven J., et al. (2020). “Integrating Oceans into Climate Policy: Any Green New Deal Needs a Splash of Blue.” Conservation Letters 13 (5), p. e12716; Zinke, Laura, “The Colours of Carbon.” Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 1 (3), p. 141; Nahlik, A. M., y Fennessy, M. S., (2016). “Car- bon Storage in US Wetlands,” Nature Communications 7 (1), p1; Malerba, Martino E., et al. (2022). “Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Complica- te the Climate Benefits of Teal and Blue Carbon Wetlands.” One Earth 5(2), p. 1336. TEXTO. Véase Lancaster, Alana Malinde S. N. (2025, en prensa). “Between the Devil & The Deep Blue Sea: Can Ridge-to-Reef Initiatives & Man and the Biosphere Reserves Foster Resilience in Small-scale Fisheries for the CARICOM & OECS Caribbean?”Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law; Buckholtz, Alison (2023). “Barbados: Blueprint for Climate Resilience.” International Finance Corporation. Dis- ponible en: https://www.ifc.org/en/stories/2023/barbados-blueprint-cli- mate-resilience#:~:text=To%20confront%20this%20challenge%2C%20 the,key%20element%20of%20that%20response 44 Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove. et al., (2023). “The Ocean as a Solution to Cli- mate Change: Updated Opportunities for Action.” High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Disponible en: https://oceanpanel.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Full- Report_Ocean-Climate-Solutions-Update-1.pdf ; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove. et al., (2019). “The Ocean as a Solution to Climate Change: Five Opportunities