Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

88 generations. It is imperative to at least meet the goals set by the Paris Agreement. This can be achieved by defining and implementing actions today that aim to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 at the latest and laying the foundations for building equitable and resilient societies in the face of the impacts and risks caused by this global phenomenon. This is within the context of an era marked by the impact of human activity on the planet due to high levels of consumption, population growth and intensive use of fossil fuels. Final reflections and challenges for an environmentally healthy and sustainable planet Globalization has marked the beginning of an era of contrasts, accelerated changes and persistent problems. It has stimulated increasing interdependence between economies and societies through cross-border flows of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital and people. However, this challenges the ability of governments to regulate and control markets and economic activities. The rapid pace of economic developments has led to interconnected global markets and economies, which requires synchronization of national policies on various aspects, with the environment being a crucial consideration. This includes all the resources and elements of nature involved, up to the possibility of transboundary pollution spreading through the land, water and air. Without effective international governance, globalization can intensify environmental damage, especially where national regulatory structures are inadequate. Competitive pressures threaten to surpass the regulatory capacities of national governments and, thus, requires intergovernmental coordination of national policies in favor of the environment. The response of regulatory institutions to global environmental challenges has generally been below public needs and expectations due to the deeply ingrained weakness of existing institutional architecture. The integrated and interconnected nature of environmental challenges starkly contrasts with the nature of institutions that citizens rely on to find solutions. These institutions tend to be fragmented and poorly coordinated, with limited mandates (and occasionally conflicting interests) and opaque decision- making processes. Nevertheless, national institutions responsible for environmental protection have important roles to play in both national and global governance. National governments remain the main actors responsible for