Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives
75 components and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the use of genetic resources. During the CBD Conference of the Parties held in Nagoya, Japan, in 2010, the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 was adopted, which included the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Aichi Targets were formulated in relation to the 5 strategic objectives of the plan and totals twenty main targets to be achieved between 2015 and 2020. Regarding invasive species, strategic objective B, target 9, specified that “exotic invasive species will be identified and prioritized for control or eradication, and measures will be established to manage entry pathways and prevent their introduction and establishment”. As a member of the CBD, Chile has developed a National Biodiversity Strategy (ENB) 2017-2030 and a National Action Plan. Control actions for invasive species in terrestrial areas are mainly carried out by SAG and CONAF, while Sernapesca and two other entities are responsible for aquatic areas. Currently (until March 2022), a bill that creates the Biodiversity and Protected Areas Service and the National System of Protected Areas is in its second constitutional process (Environment and Natural Resources Committee, Chamber of Deputies). This bill was introduced to the Senate in 2014 and was only approved in 2019. It defines invasive species and the functions of the new service to develop and implement prevention, control and eradication plans for invasive exotic species. The Ministry of the Environment would play an active role in controlling invasive species that threaten biodiversity and ecosystems. There is still much to be done in Chile, but fortunately, the government that took office in March 2022 made this bill one of the nine top priority legislative matters, aiming to fulfill their commitment to environmental care, which will be a relevant part of the government agenda. This way, the bill is getting closer to its final approval. Despite the efforts of some countries, invasive species are likely to be a persistent and growing problem in the future worldwide and UNEP has described this problem as the second most significant threat to wildlife, after habitat loss. b) Loss of biodiversity 13 The CBD defined biodiversity, or BD, as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; it includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems”; in other words, BD encompasses plants and animals, how they interact with each 13 Editor’s note: More about biodiversity and Global Health, in the corresponding chapter.
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