Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

36 which focused on natural disasters or conflicts/post-conflict situations. Although emergency response mechanisms have been strengthened since the Avian Flu, their speed and capacity to intervene have not been adequate, especially in cases where countries do not wish to have their situation analyzed. This discussion was further intensified during the Covid-19 pandemic and it remains to be seen how it will be resolved. Lastly, new issues arise in governance of global public goods, such as financing and ownership of research and development of medicines, supplies and vaccines as well as the involvement of the public and private business sectors, scientific communities and communities affected by new diseases in health governance. These issues require in-depth consideration to establish a new governance framework, including intersectoral collaboration and other specific operational aspects of the system´s governability. Advancements and Innovations As the international community acquires a more comprehensive vision of development in which health interacts, impacts and is influenced by adjustments in other areas of sustainable, fair and equitable development, this understanding has also driven the debate on financing sources and their distribution, both in global health and other areas of global development. Between 2015 and 2018, a window of international agreements opened within the framework of the United Nations. It represented a civilizational impetus and an attempt at cooperation and regulation in major global challenges. In addition to the 2030 Agenda, the Paris Agreement on Climate Change was approved in 2015 an requires all countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global temperature increase, to mitigate the effects and risks of climate change for the planet and humanity. Likewise, in 2018 the Global Compact for A Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration was approved in Marrakech and marked the first global agreement on migration governance by emphasizing the protection of regular and irregular migrants and reinforcing their contribution to sustainable development. The XXI century began with the pioneering Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which faced significant challenges in terms of financing and political momentum to achieve the 2025 targets as planned. In 2002, the United Nations organized the Monterrey Conference on Financing for Development in Mexico, seeking formulas and promises of financing and political dynamics to achieve the 2025 targets as planned . The presidents of Brazil, France and Chile , together with the UN Secretary-General, went beyond these efforts and launched the “Action against Hunger and Poverty” initiative in 2004. This shared leadership by the so-called “G-4” was a