Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

298 science, different phenomena or events (historical or conjunctural) have undermined its power. For example, manipulation and even abuse towards marginalized populations and the collective memory of such abuses kept them distant or suspicious of mass public health policies, including vaccination campaigns. Experiments like the Tuskegee study on African Americans in the United States (Breed, 2022; CDC, 2021), academic extractivism and its contribution to suspicion about the role of science, the fear of undocumented migrants being deported due to stricter immigration policies over the past decade worldwide and structural inequalities and discrimination based on race, ethnicity, gender and class undermine trust in authorities in general and health and scientific systems and policies in particular. These phenomena are compounded by growing movements such as anti-vaccination groups (Deer, 2020) or climate change denial (Samantray & Pin, 2019; Schraer & Devlin, 2021), which shape an ecosystem that affects communication strategies in health. The proliferation and circulation of misinformation or misleading information amplified by the speed and reach of social media further makes it even more complicated to address the intersections between communications and global health, as well as designing effective strategies aimed at ensuring comprehensive health for individuals. What we present here is not an exhaustive state-of-the-art analysis of the elements that play a significant role in shaping a communication landscape from which we can think and weave communication strategies in health. It depicts the context in which the pandemic Covid-19 unfolded and the communication challenges that arose from it, with a particular focus on the Chilean context. This article reviews some key dimensions in the field of communications in general, and health communications in particular. It critically explores the challenges we identified during specific conjunctures of communication and its main players: professional production (particularly from media outlets and journalism) and their relationship with audiences (with an emphasis on those who faced the crisis while being more vulnerable). Reporting on the pandemic Demanding definitive answers from scientists and science journalists is to not understand science. Sven Stockrahm, Science Editor at Zeit Online (Blau, 2021).