Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

283 Another example along these lines is the effort to reduce high tobacco consumption. Recent legislative restrictions have been based on the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), where the WHO and the PAHO have played a significant role in advocating for tobacco control measures to reduce the associated disease burden, despite known obstacles posed by the international industry to influence local authorities. A pertinent perspective is offered by actors involved in Chile’s Global Health Diplomacy 47 . While their interpretations inevitably carry a degree of subjectivity, they provide valuable depth to this evolving scientific field. In general, there are no major contradictions regarding conclusions drawn from written sources, particularly regarding the novelty at the intersection of diplomacy and health or the evident tension between commercial and health aspects. However, new elements emerge that are worth highlighting. Chile’s participation in the international arena regarding health- related matters is viewed as an area of frank development and expansion. For example, involvement in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals initiative is frequently cited. Although Chile participates in multilateral development initiatives (PAHO, OECD, UNAIDS, APEC, Pacific Alliance, Mercosur, Celac, etc.), there seems to be a consensus that the country does not take a leadership role by presenting new ideas for such efforts. Regarding the implementation of Global Health initiatives, it is noteworthy that no formal or systematic processes have been identified for placing health issues on the Chilean agenda. These issues can be driven by international organizations like the WHO/PAHO, countries referenced by Chile or a real national need. Many diplomatic processes associated with Global Health have risen, as expected, in emergency contexts (SARS, H1N1 Influenza, and Ebola) 48 . When analyzing the long list of circumstances several studies and reports that highlight its benefits. For instance: • Reyes, M., Smith Taillie, L., Popkin, B., Kanter, R., Vandevijvere, S. & Corvalán, C. (2020). Changes in the amount of nutrient of packaged foods and beverages after the initial implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labelling and Advertising: A nonexperimental prospective study. PLoS Medicine, 17 (7), e1003220. • Taillie, L. S., Bercholz, M., Popkin, B., Reyes, M., Colchero, M. A. & Corvalán, C. (2021). Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: A before and after study. The Lancet. Planetary health, 5 (8), e526-e533. • Taillie, L. S., Reyes, M., Colchero, M. A., Popkin, B. & Corvalán, C. (2020). An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and- after study. PLoS Medicine, 17(2), e1003015. 47 Part of these findings are included in the preliminary report of the analysis of interviews with key informants and will be part of future academic publications. 48 Undoubtedly, the work related to the current Covid-19 pandemic in the last two years has significantly influenced the landscape of Global Health Diplomacy