Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

282 Regional integration has been prioritized, with Chile’s participation in subregional initiatives like Unasur over neocolonial economic relations with countries like the United States. Unasur seeks to amplify the representation of regional countries in global health diplomacy processes involving commercial aspects. Similarly, Chile has bolstered its regional influence by collaborating with other countries to address public health threats and provide financial support for emergency response and disaster relief. Within this context of regional integration, Chile has received assistance from international actors, primarily the World Health Organization (WHO), to address significant public health issues such as non-communicable diseases like tobacco consumption or mental health. The International Organization for Migration and other United Nations system organizations have also provided technical support for policy formulation and implementation regarding the growing migration phenomenon within the country. It is intriguing that these instances of interaction with regional countries are largely grounded on human rights principles, an approach that has garnered public support since Chile’s return to democracy in 1990. Unasur views health as essentially a human rights issue, focused on improving access to medicines, population safety measures and poverty eradication. International guidelines and WHO advisory capacity when collaborating with the Chilean government are also framed as issues related to these fundamental rights. Likewise, the migration issue in Chile has been considered as a human rights matter, since the lack of comprehensive policies has hindered immigrants’ access to healthcare. The need for immigration reform that considers immigrant rights has been supported by various international treaties signed by Chile, which has it a political priority for several years. Establishing the full right to health in Chile has been challenging due to previous political structure s 45 , however, there is a tradition of policies focused on public health, though traditionally subject to economic or commercial considerations. Governments have endeavored to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, for example, through food labeling laws. This initiative faced significant criticism from other countries through the World Trade Organization but has also been internationally praised as a legislative achievement in the fight against obesity. Despite the expected opposition from the food and beverage industry in Chile, the law was ultimately implemented 46 . 45 This situation may have evolved during the recent failed constitutional process, initiated in response to the social unrest and subsequent bipartisan political agreement in late 2019. The proposed draft was rejected by the Chilean population in September 2022, thus signaling a potential shift in circumstances. 46 The reception of the law in terms of health assessment has been largely positive. This is evidenced by