Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

264 (García, 2015). This initiative establishes pharmacies for selling medications directly to the public obtained from the Central Supply of the National Health Services System (CENABAST) at cost price; in other words, it is an intermediation rather than a commercial activity. This not only reduces out- of-pocket expenses but also creates a grassroots-based public policy that has been well received and replicated by other municipalities. In 2021 there were over 150 establishments throughout the country. In terms of medications, globally speaking, vaccines deserve special mention as they are biopharmaceutical products regulated similarly but, because of their strategic nature in health matters including aspects related to autonomy and health sovereignty, they are treated separately. The development of Covid-19 pandemic has brought vaccines into focus in market discussions. The production of vaccines and serums by the Chilean State between 1887 and 2005 encompasses the transition from a developmental State where national industry produced vaccines, to a neoliberal State. It was institutionalized with the 1980 Constitution, in which, due to political decision and disinvestment in vaccine production at the Institute of Public Health (ISP) (Ibarra & Parada., 2020), its plant was closed, and Chile became completely dependent on the private market for these essential products in public health. For further information on this topic, we recommend a comprehensive and recently published article by Cecilia Ibarra and Mirtha Parada, which outlines the production of vaccines and serums by the State of Chile during the aforementioned period (Ibarra & Parada, 2020). Pharmaceutical patents and medicines in Global Health Through pharmaceutical invention, patents and data protection, the world of Intellectual Property is related to the Health Rights of individuals, both established in the Political Constitution of Chile of 1980. Intellectual Property has to do with creations of the mind; inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images and designs used in trade 49 which, according to the most accepted classification, are divided into two categories: Industrial Property, including inventions, patents, trademarks, designs, industrial drawings and models and geographical indications; and Copyrights covering literary and artistic works, art works and architectural designs. As stated in the history of the UN when World War II was about to end, nations were in ruins and peace was desired. Worldwide representatives from 50 countries met in June 1945 at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draft and sign the Charter of