Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

256 temporality of current governments. As for information systems, the greatest challenge is to integrate public health information with care-provider systems so that timely decisions can be made based on reliable information. At international level, the challenges are not different from those at national level because inequities are reproduced among countries too. For example, while some higher-income nations discuss implementing booster doses for their populations, in most developing countries their populations, including healthcare workers, have not even received the first dose. Furthermore, in low-income countries less than 1% of the population has received vaccines (World Bank, 2021). The response to these realities has mobilized initiatives to strengthen solidarity among countries. For vaccine access, this is expressed in calls such as those made by the International Monetary Fund to ensure their application to 40% of the population in all countries by the end of 2021 and 60% by the end of 2022 (Agarwal & Gopinath, 2021) and the global access vaccine program (COVAX) from the WHO (WHO, n. d.), whose distribution agency in the region of Americas is the Pan American Health Organization’s Rotary Fund for Vaccines (PAHO ,2021). In another dimension, the experience with Covid-19 has also exposed the fragilities of the international system to generate alerts that could have enabled an early response and avoided the pandemic. The independent expert panel appointed by the WHO to examine the origin and development of Covid-19 not only established that the pandemic could have been avoided, but also that, if a new infectious virus were to emerge, the world would still not be prepared (UN, 2021). Based on this diagnosis, it has been proposed to establish a new global surveillance system based on total transparency that authorizes the WHO to report immediately on potentially pandemic outbreaks without approval and send experts to investigate if necessary (UN ,2021). In a context of greater appreciation for public health, despite the adverse circumstances of recent times, progress can continue to be made in strengthening the right to health in line with the commitment to universal health coverage adopted by the World Health Assembly. Conclusions In the context of commitments derived from Agenda 2030 and the goal of universal health coverage, while guaranteeing human rights for all people and leaving no one behind, healthcare systems face significant challenges. The Covid-19 pandemic, with its huge health, economic and social