Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

232 or reversing it. Without accessible contraception services or voluntary termination options, pregnancy will have great consequences on women’s life plans especially in situations of social vulnerability. As it often takes place within violent relationships, motherhood reinforces dependency that can lead them irreversibly away from personal development projects. It forces women into domestic care responsibilities and potentially exacerbates other vulnerabilities 23 . Some notes on SRHR and their approach in constitutions to advance citizenship Countries’ constitutions worldwide play a crucial role at advancing SRR and should contribute to a regional approach in addressing these issues. Chile experienced a pivotal moment in the constitutional debate in 2022, which provided an opportunity to review the social contract between the State and citizenship and to identify patriarchal nodes needing to be addressed in the construction of a new social pact. When reviewing the contents of Constitutions born within constitutional conventions in the region, like Brazil (1988), Colombia (1991), Paraguay (1992), Argentina (1994), Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (1996), Venezuela (2009), Ecuador (2008), Bolivia (2008) and Mexico City (2017), interesting results arise. The constitutions of two autonomous cities belonging to nations with federal states have also been included. As this analysis focuses on gender equality and its relationship to sexual and reproductive rights, it is worth noting that all constitutions dedicate an article to equality of rights and opportunities of men and women. However, only a few explicitly mention gender equality or non-discrimination and only one includes “LGBTTTI” rights (Mexico City 2017, p. 51). Sexual and reproductive rights Within constitutions that recognize women and men equality as a basis, it should be highlighted that only the constitutions of Buenos Aires and Mexico City incorporate the gender perspective as such. The former dedicates an article specifically indicating the obligation of its application in the city’s public policy design processes. While nearly all texts acknowledge sexual and reproductive rights to some extent, few address them explicitly. As a general framework, the Argentine Constitution gives superior hierarchy to international treaties 23 In Chile, according to figures from the National Institute of Statistics, around 472 girls under the age of 14 fulfilled a pregnancy in 2017. In most of these cases, Chilean regulation itself recognizes these cases as sexual abuse. (Instituto Nacional de la Juventud [Injuv] 2020).