Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

231 Restrictions on the exercise of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) impact women as active political participants. Limitations on the exercise of sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) impede women’s full participation as political subjects. From a general perspective, Marshall (1950) presents a widely accepted conception of citizenship that encompasses a set of civil, political and social rights. Without exploring the concept of sexual citizenship, as coined by feminism, sexual and reproductive rights constitute a distinct and complex category of rights (Bareiro 2021). Exercising these rights directly and indirectly influences civil, social, economic and political rights; bodily integrity, self- determination and autonomy are crucial for achieving full citizenship. These restrictions exist within a complex social and cultural framework that extends beyond national borders and operates intersectionally. Therefore, according to Bareiro in reference to the Regional Conference on Women’s Integration in Economic and Social Development in Latin America and the Caribbean, embracing full citizenship requires a regional and global perspective. The “Green tide” represents this transnational recognition and identification of demands for de-patriarchalization as well as the conquest of these rights by the feminist movement. Understanding the link between SRHR and the exercise of citizenship requires an examination of sexual and reproductive rights and their violations. Among the most immediate ones, we find that girls, adolescents and adult women are victims of multiple forms of violence, in which sexual violence occupies a very relevant place. The figures of sexual abuse, sexual harassment and rape are sky-high in the country and the region, despite recognized underreportin g 22 . Unwanted motherhood and a wide range of physical and mental health problems are among the consequences that impact women autonomy in all areas of social functioning. It is important to highlight that women experience this violence often within the family context. These violences are a major obstacle to women’s citizenship construction since they limit a broad set of rights. Morris (2016) points out that for those who survive such violence active recovery of citizenship becomes unattainable without reliable networks or possibilities for justice and reparation. In addition, Segato highlights that access to quality justice systems for survivors of gender violence is also influenced by patriarchal logics (Segato 2003). In relation to SRR and exercise of citizenship, unwanted motherhood is an important issue. Unplanned or early pregnancy takes place within sociopolitical contexts where women face significant limitations in avoiding 22 In 2023, nationwide, the National Institute of Statistic in Chile informed a total of 52693 victims of sexual crimes. Of this universe, the most frequent crime was perpetrated against girls under 14 years of age (32702).