Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

184 management to emphasize prevention, preparedness, responses to forced displacement and border management labor migration and extend into the stages following integration, return and reintegration for individuals and their families. Latin America and the Caribbean is a region that has long been known as a source of emigration to countries in the Global North. In the last decade, it has faced massive movements of people that are testing the response and coordination capacities of countries in the region. According to Andrew Selee, director of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), “the region arrived late to the migration issue and today it resembles the rest of the world more” (Iglesias, 2021). What changed the regional scenario was Venezuela’s political, social and economic situation, which generated this explosive increase in the massive migratory flow of its population seeking refuge. It is the largest crisis the region has experienced, comparable in size the migration from Syria, although the causes are different. In Venezuela, various factors affect the departure of its population, including a decline in quality of life, hunger, lack of medical supplies for healthcare services, street insecurity and political persecution. Countries bordering Venezuela have received a larger part of its population; however, Chile at the south end of the continent begins to be an option because of its economic capacity and development. According to current figures, close to 50% of the migrant population that reaches Chile from Venezuela has a university degree; however, the reality for the remaining 50% of this population is very different. It is not the massive group that arrives in Colombia; it is a group with the means to cross four countries. The International Organization for Migration points out that intraregional migration has been increasing due to disparities in labor and economic opportunities among different Latin American countries as well as people having been displaced by the internal conflict in Colombia and the deep crisis in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (United Nations, 2021). This increase is associated with media diffusion, low transportation costs and, evidently, political conditions within the region, added to the regional integration mechanisms that facilitate mobility processes. The main destination countries have been Peru, Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Argentina. Particularly in Latin America, the increase in migration led countries to assume an active role in incorporating this issue into their political and social agendas. However, not all of them explicitly focused on precise and effective measures to incorporate the migratory flow into their health