Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

174 based medicine, to the notion of Mental Health as a global problem is recognized, there is a substantial body of knowledge, particularly from anthropology, that questions the hegemonic imposition of psychiatric knowledge. Specifically, the institutionalization of Global Mental Health is seen as a model that replicates colonial stereotypes (Bemme & D’souza, 2014). Notably, the term “Global Mental Health” was coined by high-resource countries at the beginning of the century by drawing attention to the need to develop global tools for treating mental illnesses in low-resource countries. This movement has been primarily led by researchers and psychiatrists (Prince et al., 2007). Both concepts, Mental Health and Global Health, have transitioned from primarily biomedical approaches to interdisciplinary ones by incorporating Anthropology and Sociology. The inclusion of indicators related to mental health and subjective well-being in measurements by multilateral organizations on social and economic development like the OECD exemplifies this evolution (Rowson et al., 2012; White & Sashidharan, 2014). The field of action Currently, there is significant development in the field of Global Mental Health with diverse actors involved in complex activities that make description and analysis challenging. Although those engaged in Global Mental Health are assumed to share a common understanding of its definition, there is no clear and explicit consensus on this matter (Fernando, 2012). A recent systematic review offers a useful description and classification of how the term is considered in international literature. It identifies various categories of activities within Global Mental Health, including research to generate new knowledge to guide global policies with local involvement, implementation of therapeutic forms of care ranging from institutional to community-based models, improvement of social circumstances and contexts protecting individuals with mental disorders worldwide and priority interventions in low- and middle-income countries, aiming to move away from colonial stereotypes and encourage international collaborations (Rajabzadeh et al., 2021). However, it is evident that the primary focus of Global Mental Health priorities, despite the wide range of epistemological options outlined, is mainly on the study of depressive disorders in low-resource countries. There is a lack of contextual and sociodemographic data that would help to better understand the phenomena (Misra et al., 2019).