Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

171 To begin, we will discuss various ways of categorizing the primary paradigms on which Mental Health is based, which have gained recognition in recent decades. Using a familiar framework characteristic of Public Health, we can approach the analysis of this intersection through the two pillars that constitute “Global Mental Health”. On the one hand, the epidemiological and conceptual knowledge developed and, on the other, the study of organized societal responses. All of this is done while incorporating a global perspective. The field of knowledge There are currently several ways to categorize the diverse paradigms related to Mental Health. A relatively straightforward classification divides the possible frameworks in which Mental Health is defined into those linked to the biomedical sphere, those related to types of behavior and those derived from a socioeconomic perspective (Restrepo & Jaramillo, 2012). This serves as an initial approach and is somewhat connected to the areas derived from the classic definition of Health by the WHO in the mid-20 th century which emphasizes “complete physical, psychological, and social well-being” (WHO, 2014). At the beginning of this century, the WHO advanced and proposed a specific definition of Mental Health as “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes their own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to their community” (WHO, 2004). Here, there is a clear move towards a more comprehensive understanding of the concept. However, its complexity makes practical application challenging and limits its operationalization for study. New international initiatives have been proposed to achieve consensus on definitions related to Mental Health (Manwell et al., 2015). One of these initiatives presents various models to conceptualize Mental Health and has gained considerable acceptance in the last decade (Vaillant, 2012). Based on this, we can outline eight major frameworks that support Mental Health. Mental health as the absence of mental disorders. This conception has a longstanding tradition in the clinical practice of mental health professionals, as their training primarily focuses on recognizing psychopathology. Currently, in the practice of most clinical centers and among the professionals working there, this paradigm is widely predominant. This is evident through the widespread use of classifications globally agreed upon such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).