Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

159 recommendations for regulating the advertising of processed and ultra- processed foods high in calories, fats, sugars and sodium (World Cancer Research Fund International, 2020). This document synthesizes the vast amount of research and international consensus on the effectiveness of food marketing control strategies targeting children and adolescents. The report emphasizes that protecting children and adolescents from excessive advertising exposure is a human right and that the implementation of strict and comprehensive public policies is imperative. An example of the impact of such policies in Chile is described in the study by Correa et al. (2020), which showed a 44% decrease in exposure to advertising of high-energy, saturated fat, sugar or sodium foods after the implementation of Law 20.606, which prohibits advertising to children under 14 years old for these foods. Exposure to unhealthy food advertising is higher among more vulnerable groups, including ethnic minorities and those with a lower socioeconomic status, as demonstrated by a study by Backholer (Backholer et al., 2021). This analysis also suggests that some food and beverage companies may even target their advertising specifically to these groups. To motivate behavioral change in people, it is relevant to captivate their attention, which is why new technological strategies such as the internet, social networks, mobile phone platforms and computer games have been tested to promote changes in lifestyle habits. One of these strategies is gamification, which uses games in non-habitual situations to induce implicit change without people realizing it (Chau et al., 2018; Mendoza & Fernández, 2016; Peña et al., 2019). In Chile, this strategy was implemented in schools in a municipality of the Metropolitan Region as part of the municipal program “Juntos Santiago” (Peña et al., 2019). Results showed that this technique, after 8 months, managed to decrease the body mass index (BMI) in the intervention group compared to the control group. Similar results were observed in the systematic review by Hamel and Robbins (2013), which determined the effect of interactive interventions on websites and computer games to increase fruit and vegetable consumption, decrease fat intake, reduce BMI and increase physical activity in children and adolescents. However, studies that included follow-up showed that these changes were not maintained after the interventions were finished. Another type of strategy that has shown success in behavioral change is called “nudge,” which are subtle and non-forced motivational strategies that take advantage of the knowledge that food preferences are influenced by previous experiences, environmental factors, emotions and psychological factors (Leng et al., 2017; Marcano-Olivier et al., 2020; Walker et al., 2019). Various types of nudge interventions have been described (Bauer & Reisch, 2019), including the delivery of relevant information, the imposition of social norms, awareness raising, modification of food environments and the use of