Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

158 planet is the comprehensive and integrated approach to this problem by states. It recognizes that all necessary efforts must be made to overcome the underlying common factors, including transportation, urban design, land use, the economic model and extractive production. For instance, food systems not only drive the obesity and malnutrition pandemics but also generate 25% to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions (Horton, 2020; Martorell et al., 2020; Swinburn et al., 2019). In conclusion, without considering the determinants of NCDs, it will not be possible to effectively combat them, and the solution is not simple. Intervention strategies To achieve successful interventions for the control of diet-related non- communicable chronic diseases, it is necessary to implement an approach and public policies that incorporate individual strategies throughout the life cycle. But even more importantly, it is crucial to consider a global perspective of the food system and social determinants by incorporating structural measures that enable access and availability to a healthy diet and physical exercise as well as regulations that promote sustainable production and marketing (Fuster et al., 2020; Hawkes et al., 2015; Sisnowski et al., 2017). Starting from early childhood, measures that promote and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months, followed by the introduction of solids to support healthy habits, should be implemented. Among the most recommended and effective measures, the WHO indicates that the marketing of infant formulas and foods should be regulated, paid postnatal rest should be legislated and continuous training for healthcare teams should be ensured (Banos et al., 2019; Demirtas, 2012; Navarro-Rosenblatt & Garmendia, 2018; Rollins et al., 2016). When the preschool and school stages begin, not only healthcare teams need to be involved but also educators and the childcare and school community, as their role in shaping the food preferences of children and adolescents is well recognized (Findholt et al., 2011; Leng et al., 2017). When children and adolescents start making decisions, they begin to be influenced by the food environments they are exposed to, whether at home, in their educational institutions or in their neighborhoods. Therefore, individual interventions alone are not enough. Structural policies that improve these environments become relevant. Given the importance of improving food environments, in 2020, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) published a report with