Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

155 Cancer Cancer was already the leading cause of death in the country before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (INE, 2019). According to the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), the global incidence of cancer in 2018 was, in decreasing order, 11.6% for lung cancer, followed by breast cancer (11.57%) and colorectal cancer as third (10.2%) (World Cancer Research Fund & American Institute for Cancer Research, 2018). In Chile, the highest incidence is for prostate cancer (12.3%), followed by colorectal cancer (11.1%) and breast cancer in the third place (10.1%). In terms of gender, in men, the leading cancer is prostate cancer (23.9%), followed by stomach cancer (12.5%) and colorectal cancer in third place (10.9%). In women, the highest incidence is breast cancer (20.8%), followed by colorectal cancer (11.3%) and gallbladder cancer in the third place (7,1%) (Parra-Soto et al., 2020). Various studies have attempted to determine the relationship between food consumption, obesity and cancer. This relationship has been classified into 5 categories: 1. convincing evidence of decreased risk, 2. probable decreased risk, 3. probable increased risk, 4. convincing increased risk and 5. substantial effect on risk is unlikely (World Cancer Research Fund & American Institute for Cancer Research, 2018). According to this, it is found that: • For prostate cancer, there is a probable increased risk in men with abdominal obesity and diets high in energy. • For stomach cancer, there is a probable increased risk associated with salt-preserved or pickled foods in obese individuals with increased abdominal fat and alcohol consumption. • For colorectal cancer, there is convincing increased risk with the consumption of processed meats in individuals with abdominal obesity and alcohol consumption, and probable increased risk with the consumption of red meats. However, there is a probable decreased risk with the consumption of whole grains, foods rich in dietary fiber and dairy products. • For breast cancer, no direct relationship with specific foods has been found, but there is a probable decreased risk in women with higher body fat between the ages of 18 and 30 and for those who breastfeed. For postmenopausal breast cancer, there is convincing evidence of risk in women with abdominal obesity, weight gain in adulthood and alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, in premenopausal women, the association between alcohol and breast cancer is at the level of probability.