Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

141 suggests that a comprehensive approach is needed to address the study of emerging and reemerging diseases (Barreto et al., 2011; Braveman, 2011; WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2008; Heymann, 2005; Semenza et al., 2010). Integrated and multisectoral approaches should also be considered for their control and elimination to ensure rapid responses, community-level preventive interventions, access to healthcare systems including timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment that address the social determinants responsible for most health inequalities (Ehrenberg & Ault, 2005; Schneider et al., 2011). Some authors even propose transforming epidemiological categories to understand the social processes behind certain diseases. Thus, the transmission process could shift from a simple mobilization of an infectious agent to being described as a dynamic process arising from the interaction of various factors, or, in other words, the contagion process as a product of the historical and social context (Piñeros, 2010). In this way, we can not only analyze the etiopathogenesis of diseases (causes and mechanisms of a disease) from an etiological perspective but also examine, from a sociocultural perspective, the conditions in which people live, work and interact, which are the “causes behind the causes” of disease. Social Impact of Emerging and Reemerging Diseases It is very likely that we are currently witnessing a new epidemiological transition which was initiated by one of the worst pandemics of the last century, expressed in its consequences by the significant social impact it has caused while affecting different territories differentially. Although the current socio-sanitary crisis affects all countries in the world, it does not affect all populations equally. This crisis has once again highlighted that social inequalities disproportionately affect the most vulnerable people most. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spread within countries and marginalized populations such as ethnic minorities and those with low socioeconomic status are being disproportionately affected (Greenaway et al., 2020). Migrants, for example, may be particularly vulnerable to the direct and indirect impacts of Covid- 19 or certain sexually transmitted infections. Migrant population The ability of migrant populations to receive adequate medical care and cope with the economic, social and psychological impacts of the pandemic can be affected by a variety of factors often related to their migration status. These