Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

108 Source: https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2016-06-14-how- food-connects-all-t he-sdgs.html. Credit: Azote Images for Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University. Human and planetary health depends on a diverse and contextually relevant living space, with opportunities for prudent and sustainable use. Alongside this, we cannot overlook public health in this analysis, which, according to Acheson (1988), is “the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts of society” (quoted by Cook et al., 2019, p. 252). These direct and indirect factors that cause diseases should be dealt with in a collaborative effort between natural sciences and public health. Acheson (1988) and Marmot (2010) identified as elements of interest in public health those actions that involve reversing the differences in poor health between people with more or fewer opportunities. Therefore, we need social well-being with environmental equity. Various groups of researchers, organizations and communities are testing a different and environment-friendly way to make this possible in urban and rural sectors (Saavedra et al., 2019; Rojas et al., 2019; Kabish, 2019; Figueroa et al., unpublished), with solutions alongside communities to improve and fully implement public policies. The current global condition calls for transformation in all areas, at a scale and speed greater than ever before. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has demonstrated human fragility and revealed the challenges in health and the environment. Economic systems are mobilizing once again, and initiatives for economic recovery are emerging rapidly, However, not all of them address the urgency of this second phase in the Anthropocene era, which is to conserve biodiversity and halt its loss based on science and knowledge, to restore ecological and social fabric, reduce associated risks and enhance resilience to climate change and global challenges. Glossary Anthropocene: The Age of Humanity, a proposed new name for the current geological epoch, defined by our massive influence on the Earth’s climates and ecosystems. The concept was coined in 2000 by Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen. Biodiversity: The variability of living organisms from all sources, including, among other things, terrestrial and marine ecosystems and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. It includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (Article 2 of the Convention on Biological Diversity). Biosphere: The sphere of air, water and land in which all life on the planet