Global health. The current scenario and future perspectives

107 The success of Covid-19’s global spread cannot be attributed solely to its ability to find a host. There is ample scientific evidence, globally and in Latin America, that highlights the consequences of surpassing nature’s limits. Climate change, biodiversity loss and Covid-19 are all interconnected, which highlights the consequences of our unsustainable production and economic systems. A socio-ecological system with low levels of memory and social capital is vulnerable to changes and can deteriorate to undesired states, as we are witnessing with the climate and biodiversity crises. It is crucial to address risk prevention and build local capacities for climate change, biodiversity and disease in an integrated manner. The relationship between biodiversity and people’s quality of life is inseparable and affects the entire human population regardless of gender, geographical location and economic or cultural level. In 2016, Johan Rockström and Pavan Sukhdev, researchers from the Stockholm Resilience Centre, proposed a shift in the understanding of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by considering the biological framework. They emphasized that the biosphere provides the fundamental elements for human well-being and economies. Their proposal suggests an integrated approach to the SDGs by recognizing their interconnectedness with well-being, food security and human health. Therefore, taking decisive action to mitigate climate change (SDG 13), restore marine ecosystems (SDG 14), restore terrestrial ecosystems (SDG 15) and ensure access to clean water (SDG 6) are fundamental objectives for society and the economy. Figure 2: Proposal to understand the interrelation of the SDGs within the biosphere.