Proceedings of the 12th International INQUA meeting on paleoseismology, active tectonic and archaeoseismology

188 PATA Days 2024 due to conflicts or Spanish interventions but likely resulted from natural disasters, particularly localized shallow earthquakes. R E S U LT S & D I S C U S S I O N Situated on the right bank of the Colca River at an elevation of approximately 3850 meters above sea level (Fig. 1), the Malata archaeological site spans various historical epochs, encompassing the Pre-Inca era, the Inca period, and Franciscan doctrina in the 1540s-1570s. The site comprises well-preserved remnants, including pre-Inca rounded structures (Fig. 2), an Inca kallanca ("great hall") and other buildings, alongside a chapel constructed post-conquest. The rounded buildings (Fig. 2) boast standing walls of up to 2 meters in height, generally maintaining a vertical orientation with minor cracks or slight inward tilts. Rectangular structures exhibit deformations such as extrusions in the NW corner or U-shaped collapses in E-W oriented walls. The kallanca displays deformations, notably with its east wall tilting inward. The XVI century chapel shows slight tilting and corner damages. Importantly, there are no indications of reconstruction, suggesting that any alterations occurred subsequent to the site's abandonment, possibly due to seismic activity or other phenomena. Fig. 1: Location of the studied archaeological sites in the Upper Colca Region on shaded relief map (30 m resolution digital elevation model, DEM from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, SRTM ( https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov) . Active faults, according to Benavente et al. (2017). By the mid-1570s, the doctrina system yielded to the compelled resettlement initiative, converting these doctrinas into reducción towns or subjecting them to abandonment through the Reducción General de Indios (General Resettlement of Indians). Consequently, Malata experienced forced abandonment as its population was relocated to Laiqa Laiqa (Fig. 2). However, this reducción proved short- lived, as it was deserted by 1591, because it was not recorded in the visita of that year (the earliest known post- Toledan visita in the valley; Wernke, 2015). The reasons for this failed resettlement endeavour remain unclear. The still-standing remnants of the Laiqa Laiqa church reveal U-shaped collapses in both 19-meter- long NE-SWoriented walls, particularly noticeable in the southern wall (Fig. 2). Measuring 6 meters in width and 2 meters in depth, this collapse was filled using an inferior