Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019

461 Migración internacional de enfermeras/os de América Latina 2010-2019 Public health Hospitals. In 2021, there were a total of 6,129 hospitals in the US (American Hospital Association, 2023). The largest proportion (68.7%) are non-government hospitals. These are followed by state and local government community hospitals (15.4%), non-federal psychiatric hospitals (10.8%), fede- ral government hospitals (3.3%), and non-federal long term care hospitals and hospital units withing an institution, for example a prison hospital (1.7%). Not all hospitals accept all forms of health care insurance, but most accept Medicare and Medicaid (Tikkanen, et al., 2020). Primary care. While a large majority of individuals access primary preventive health care services through MEC, primary care can be access by uninsured individuals through federally qualified health centers. These primary health care centers, funded with federal taxes, provide services to individuals, regardless of their ability to pay (Health Resources & Services Administration, 2022). In 2022, the federal government covered an estimated $154,545,935 in community-based primary health care services to underserved and vulnerable populations. Mental health care. Mental health and substance abuse conditions were declared an essential health insurance benefit under the ACA (US Government Publishing Office, 2010). The ACA requires that all private insurance programs, including employer-sponsored plans, provide equal coverage for mental and physical health care. Individuals with severe chronic mental illness may qualify for Medicare before they reach the age of 65 (US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2023a). Individual state’s role in paying for mental health services varies widely across the US. (Mental Health America, 2019). Long-term care. Universal coverage for long-term care services does not exist in the US. Long-term care services are largely paid for by Medicaid, followed by Medicare, payments by individuals and/or their families, other private source and/or insurance, and some other programs (Colello, et al., 2013; Hado & Komisar, 2019; O’Shaughnessy, 2014). Because private long-term care insurance is rarely purchased in the US, it made up only 7.5% of the total long-term care spending in 2016. In 2021, The following were the top ten leading causes of death in the US (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023): 1. Heart disease: 695,547 2. Cancer: 605,213 3. COVID-19: 416,893 4. Accidents (unintentional injuries): 224,935 5. Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 162,890